Bambance-bambancen LDPE, HDPE, da LLDPE
Polyethylene na daya daga cikin manyan resin roba guda biyar, kuma kasar Sin a halin yanzu ita ce mai shigo da kayayyaki kuma ta biyu mafi girma wajen amfani da polyethylene. Polyethylene yafi raba zuwa babban yawa polyethylene (HDPE), ƙananan polyethylene (LDPE), ƙananan ƙananan polyethylene na layi (LLDPE) nau'i uku.
Kwatanta kaddarorin HDPE, LDPE da kayan LLDPE
| HDPE | LDPE | LLDPE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wari guba | Mara guba, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari | Mara guba, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari | Mara guba, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari |
| yawa | 0.940 zuwa 0.976g (cm 3 | 0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm 3 | 0.915 ~ 0.935g/cm 3 |
| Crystalline | 85-65% | 45-65% | 55-65% |
| Tsarin kwayoyin halitta | Ya ƙunshi kawai carbon-carbon da carbon-hydrogen bond, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin kuzari don karye | Polymers suna da ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin kuma suna buƙatar ƙarancin kuzari don karya | Yana da ƙarancin tsarin layi, sarƙoƙi masu rassa, da gajerun sarƙoƙi, kuma yana buƙatar ƙarancin kuzari don karya. |
| taushi batu | 125-135 ℃ | 90-100 ℃ | 94-108 ℃ |
| Hanyar aikin | Babban ƙarfi, mai kyau tauri, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi | Ƙarfin injina mara kyau | Babban ƙarfi, mai kyau tauri, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi |
| Tensile Ƙarfin | high | low | mafi girma |
| Elongation a hutu | mafi girma | low | high |
| Strengtharfin ƙarfi | mafi girma | low | high |
| Mai hana danshi da aikin hana ruwa | Kyakkyawar jujjuyawar ruwa, tururin ruwa da iska, ƙarancin shayar ruwa, da kuma kyawu mai kyau | Rashin danshi da kaddarorin shingen iska | Kyakkyawar jujjuyawar ruwa, tururin ruwa da iska, ƙarancin shayar ruwa, da kuma kyawu mai kyau |
| Acid, alkali, lalata, juriyar sauran ƙarfi | Mai jure wa lalata ta hanyar oxidants mai ƙarfi; resistant zuwa acid, alkali da daban-daban salts; wanda ba a iya narkewa a cikin kowane kaushi na halitta, da sauransu. | Juriya ga acid, alkali da gishiri bayani lalata, amma rashin ƙarfi juriya | Mai jure wa acid, alkalis, da kaushi na halitta |
| Mai jure zafi/sanyi | Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da juriya na sanyi, ko da a yanayin zafi na ɗaki har ma da ƙananan yanayin zafi na -40F. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya mai tasiri kuma ƙarancin zafinsa na embrittlement shine | Low zafi juriya, low zafin jiki embrittlement zafin jiki | Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da juriya na sanyi, ƙananan zafin jiki na embrittlement |
| Mai jure wa fashewar yanayin muhalli | mai kyau | m | mai kyau |
High-density Polyethylene
HDPE ba mai guba ba ne, marar ɗanɗano, mara wari, kuma yana da nauyin 0.940 ~ 0.976g/cm3, wanda shine samfurin polymerization a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin matsin lamba a ƙarƙashin catalysis na mai kara kuzari na Ziegler, don haka ana kiran polyethylene mai girma-yawa kuma ana kiranta ƙarancin matsa lamba. polyethylene.
abũbuwan amfãni:
HDPE wani resin thermoplastic mara igiyar ruwa tare da babban crystallinity wanda aka kafa ta hanyar ethylene copolymerization. Siffar HDPE ta asali fari ce mai madara, kuma tana da jujjuyawa zuwa wani yanki a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga yawancin sinadarai na cikin gida da na masana'antu, kuma yana iya tsayayya da lalata da rushewar oxidants mai ƙarfi (mai daɗaɗɗen nitric acid), acid da salts alkali da sauran kaushi na halitta (carbon tetrachloride). Polymer ba ya sha danshi kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na ruwa ga tururi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don danshi da kuma kariya mai zurfi.
fursunoni:
Rashin hasara shi ne cewa juriya na tsufa da damuwa na muhalli ba su da kyau kamar LDPE, musamman ma thermal oxidation zai rage aikinta, don haka polyethylene mai girma yana ƙara antioxidants da ultraviolet absorbers don inganta gazawar sa yayin yin filastik yi.
Darancin ƙarancin polyethylene
LDPE ba mai guba bane, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari, kuma yana da yawa na 0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm3. An polymerized da oxygen ko Organic peroxide a matsayin mai kara kuzari a karkashin babban matsa lamba na 100 ~ 300MPa, kuma aka sani da high-matsi polyethylene.
abũbuwan amfãni:
Low density polyethylene shine mafi haske nau'in guduro polyethylene. Idan aka kwatanta da high-yawa polyethylene, da crystallinity (55% -65%) da softening batu (90-100 ℃) ne m. Yana da kyau taushi, extensibility, nuna gaskiya, sanyi juriya da processability. Tsarin sinadaransa yana da kyau, yana iya jure wa acid, alkali da gishiri bayani mai ruwa; Kyakkyawan rufin lantarki da ƙarancin iskar gas; Ƙananan sha ruwa; Sauƙi don ƙonewa. Kayan yana da taushi, tare da haɓaka mai kyau, rufin lantarki, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, aikin sarrafawa da ƙarancin zafin jiki (juriya zuwa -70 ℃).
fursunoni:
Rashin hasara shi ne ƙarfin injin sa, damshin daɗaɗɗen ruwa, iskar gas da juriya mai ƙarfi ba su da kyau. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta ba na yau da kullun ba ne, crystallinity (55% -65%) yana da ƙasa, kuma wurin narkewar crystallization (108-126 ℃) shima ƙasa ne. Ƙarfin injinsa ya yi ƙasa da na polyethylene mai girma mai yawa, haɗin gwiwar sa-sashe, juriya na zafi da juriya na tsufa ba su da kyau, kuma yana da sauƙi don bazuwa da canza launi a ƙarƙashin hasken rana ko yanayin zafi, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin aiki. don haka ƙananan ƙarancin polyethylene yana ƙara antioxidants da ultraviolet absorbers don inganta gazawar sa yayin yin zanen filastik.
Polyethylene Low Density Linear
LLDPE ba mai guba bane, mara ɗanɗano, mara wari, kuma yana da yawa tsakanin 0.915 da 0.935g/cm3. Yana da copolymer na ethylene da ƙaramin adadin ci-gaba alpha-olefin (kamar butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, tetrmethylpentene-1, da dai sauransu) polymerized ƙarƙashin babban matsa lamba ko ƙananan matsa lamba ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari. . Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na LLDPE na al'ada yana da alaƙa da kashin bayansa na madaidaiciya, tare da ƴan kaɗan ko babu dogayen sarƙoƙi, amma yana ɗauke da wasu gajerun sarƙoƙi masu reshe. Rashin dogon sarƙoƙi mai rassa yana sa polymer ya fi crystalline.
Idan aka kwatanta da LDPE, LLDPE yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga high ƙarfi, mai kyau taurin, karfi rigidity, zafi juriya, sanyi juriya, da dai sauransu, amma kuma yana da kyau juriya ga fatattaka danniya muhalli, ƙarfin hawaye da sauran kaddarorin, kuma zai iya tsayayya da acid, alkali, kwayoyin kaushi da sauransu.
Hanyar rarrabewa
LDPE: ganewar ganewa: jin taushi; White m, amma gaskiya ne matsakaici. Gane konewa: kona harshen wuta rawaya da shuɗi; Lokacin kona babu hayaki, akwai warin paraffin, narkewar ruwa, mai sauƙin zana waya.
LLDPE: LLDPE na iya kumbura a cikin hulɗa da benzene na dogon lokaci, kuma ya zama mai gatse cikin hulɗa da HCL na dogon lokaci.
HDPE: Yanayin aiki na LDPE yana da ƙasa, kusan digiri 160, kuma yawancin shine 0.918 zuwa 0.932 grams/cubic santimita. HDPE aiki zafin jiki ne mafi girma, game da 180 digiri, da yawa ne kuma mafi girma.
Summary
A taƙaice, abubuwan da ke sama nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nau'ikan injiniyan rigakafin tsutsotsi daban-daban. Hdpe, ldpe da lldpe uku nau'ikan kayan da danshi-unds, rashin lafiya, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, mara guba, da ba mai guba ba, da ba a sani ba, kayan aiki masu guba, da ba a da guba, da aikin kogin suna matuƙar, kuma ta hanyar aikin kogin kuma yana da matuƙar gaske, kuma Aikace -iyawar kogin suna matuƙar gaske, kuma Aikace -iyawar Kogin. Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Ofishin Kamun Kifi na kasar Sin, Shanghai Academy na Kimiyyar Kifi, Cibiyar Injin kamun kifi da kayan aiki don haɓakawa da haɓaka aikace-aikacen.
A cikin matsakaicin yanayi na acid mai ƙarfi, alkalis mai ƙarfi, oxidants mai ƙarfi da masu kaushi na halitta, kayan kayan kayan HDPE da LLDPE ana iya yin su da kyau kuma ana amfani da su, musamman HDPE yana da girma fiye da sauran kayan biyu dangane da juriya ga acid mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi. alkalis, mai karfi hadawan abu da iskar shaka Properties da juriya ga kwayoyin kaushi. Saboda haka, HDPE anti-lalata nada da aka cikakken amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu da kuma kare muhalli masana'antu.
LDPE kuma yana da kyau acid, alkali, gishiri bayani halaye, kuma yana da kyau extensibility, lantarki rufi, sinadaran kwanciyar hankali, aiki yi da kuma low zafin jiki juriya, don haka shi ne yadu amfani a noma, ruwa ajiya aquaculture, marufi, musamman low-zazzabi marufi da kuma na USB kayan.
