He aha ka moena wai

A moena wai he kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻāpana paʻa i loko o ke ʻano like me ka wai, ma ka puhi ʻana i ka ea a i ʻole ke kinoea ma lalo o kahi pahu. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi moe o nā ʻāpana e neʻe mau ana a loaʻa nā waiwai o ka wai a me ke kinoea. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā moena wai i loko o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hana kemika, hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, a me ka hana mana.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka manaʻo o ka fluidization i ka makahiki 1930 e kekahi ʻenekinia Pelekane ʻo Lewis Fry Richardson, nāna i ʻike i ke ʻano o ke one me he wai lā ke puhi ʻia e ka makani. I ka makahiki 1940, ua hoʻomohala ka mea ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Fritz Winkler i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai mua no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila synthetic.

He nui nā pōmaikaʻi o nā moena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o nā reactors moe paʻa maʻamau, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻoili nui ʻana, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hopena, a me ka hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻana i ka mahana a me ke kaomi. ʻO ke ʻano like me ka wai o nā ʻāpana e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā wahi wela a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi make, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena kūpono ʻole a piha ʻole.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā kumu o kahi moena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he pahu a ipu paha i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi mea paʻa, maʻamau he mea granular e like me ke one, ka limestone, a i ʻole nā ​​mea catalyst. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ea a i ʻole ke kinoea mai lalo o ka pahu, e hana ana i kahi kahe o ka wai e hoʻokiʻekiʻe a hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻāpana i ka lewa.

I ka holo ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka moena, hoʻoneʻe ia i nā ʻāpana a hui pū kekahi me kekahi, e hana ana i kahi hui ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana. Hōʻike pū kēia neʻe i nā ʻāpana i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili, e ʻae ana i ka wela a me ka hoʻoili nui ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana a me ka wai a puni.

ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā moena fluidized ʻo ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka mahana o ka hopena. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahe kahe a me ka mahana o ka wai, hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke mālama i kahi mahana maʻamau i loko o ka moena, e pale ana i nā wahi wela a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena i ka wikiwiki kūpono.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā moena wai i ka hana ʻana i nā kemika, e like me ka hana ʻana o ka amonia, methanol, a me nā petrochemical ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

I ka ʻoihana hana mana, hoʻohana ʻia nā moena wai i ka puhi ʻana i ka lanahu a me nā wahie fossil ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka puhi ʻana i ka wahie i loko o kahi moena wai o ka limestone, kahi e hoʻopili ai me ka sulfur dioxide i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana e hana i ka calcium sulfate (gypsum). ʻO kēia kaʻina hana, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka moe, hoʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka sulfur dioxide a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mea kanu mana ahi.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā moena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ʻenehana hou a maʻalahi i loaʻa nā noi ʻoihana he nui. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻoili nui ʻana, hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hopena, a me ka hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻana i ka mahana a me ke kaomi. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka hana kemika, ka hana mana, ka hana ʻai, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.