Nylon (polyamide) mhando uye sumo yekushandisa
1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), inonzi PA, inowanzonzi Nylon
2. Nzira huru yekutumidza mazita: zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemaatomu ecarbon mune imwe neimwe repeated amide boka. Dijiti rekutanga rezita rezita rinoreva huwandu hweatomu kabhoni yediamine, uye nhamba inotevera inoreva huwandu hwemaatomu ecarbon edicarboxylic acid.
3. Mhando dzenaironi:
3.1 Nylon-6 (PA6)
Nylon-6, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-6, inonzi polycaprolactam. Translucent kana opaque mukaka chena resin.
3.2 Nylon-66 (PA66)
Nylon-66, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-66, inonzi polyhexamethylene adipamide.
3.3 Nylon-1010 (PA1010)
Nylon-1010, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-1010, inonzi polyseramide. Nylon-1010 yakagadzirwa nemafuta e-castor seyokutanga mbishi, iri yakasarudzika akasiyana munyika yangu. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekuita kwayo kwepamusoro, iyo inogona kutambanudzwa kusvika ku3 kusvika ku4 nguva yehurefu hwepakutanga, uye ine simba rakanyanya kusimba, yakanakisa kurwisa uye kushomeka kwekushisa, uye haina brittle pa -60 ° C.
3.4 Nylon-610 (PA-610)
Nylon-610, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-610, inonzi polyhexamethylene diamide. Iri kupenya chena. Simba rayo riri pakati penaironi-6 nenylon-66. Diki yakananga giravhiti, yakaderera crystallinity, pesvedzero shoma pamvura nehunyoro, yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, kuzvidzima. Inoshandiswa mumativi epurasitiki chaiwo, mapaipi emafuta, midziyo, tambo, mabhandi ekutakura, mabhengi, gaskets, insulating zvinhu mumagetsi uye zvemagetsi uye zvemidziyo dzimba.
3.5 Nylon-612 (PA-612)
Nylon-612, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-612, inonzi polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Nylon-612 imhando yenaironi ine kusimba kuri nani. Iyo ine nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyungudika pane PA66 uye yakapfava. Kupisa kwayo kupisa kwakafanana neiyo PA6, asi ine yakanakisa hydrolysis kuramba uye dimensional kugadzikana, uye kuderera kwemvura kunyura. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwakaita semonofilament bristles yemabhurasho emazino.
3.6 Nylon-11 (PA-11)
Nylon-11, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-11, inonzi polyundecalactam. White translucent body. Mamiriro ayo akatanhamara tembiricha yekunyungudika yakaderera uye tembiricha yekugadziridza yakafara, kunyura kwemvura yakaderera, kuita kwakanaka kwakadzikama tembiricha, uye kuchinjika kwakanaka kunogona kuchengetedzwa pa -40 ° C kusvika 120 ° C. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari yemafuta pombi, brake system hose, optical fiber cable coating, firimu rekurongedza, zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, nezvimwe.
3.7 Nylon-12 (PA-12)
Nylon-12, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-12, inonzi polydodecamide. Iyo yakafanana neNylon-11, asi ine yakaderera density, melting point, uye kunyura kwemvura kupfuura Nylon-11. Nekuti ine huwandu hukuru hwekuomesa agent, ine zvimiro zvekubatanidza polyamide uye polyolefin. Mamiriro ayo akatanhamara ndeakakwira decomposition tembiricha, kunyura kwemvura yakaderera uye yakanyanya kuderera tembiricha kuramba. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumapombi emafuta emotokari, mapaneru ezviridzwa, accelerator pedals, brake hoses, zvinhu zvinotora ruzha zvemidziyo yemagetsi, uye tambo sheath.
3.8 Nylon-46 (PA-46)
Nylon-46, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-46, inonzi polybutylene adipamide. Zvimiro zvaro zvakatanhamara ndezvepamusoro crystallinity, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, yakakwirira rigidity uye yakakwirira simba. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari injini uye peripheral zvikamu, senge cylinder musoro, oiri cylinder base, mafuta chisimbiso chivharo, kutapurirana.
Muindasitiri yemagetsi, inoshandiswa mukubatanidza, zvigadziko, coil bobbins, switch uye mamwe minda inoda yakakwira kupisa kupisa uye kuneta kuramba.
3.9 Nylon-6T (PA-6T)
Nylon-6T, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-6T, inonzi polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Mamiriro ayo akatanhamara ndeakanyanya kupisa tembiricha (inonyungudika i370 ° C, tembiricha yegirazi yekuchinja i180 ° C, uye inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pa200 ° C), simba repamusoro, saizi yakagadzikana, uye yakanaka welding kuramba. Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari, chivharo chepombi yemafuta, sefa yemhepo, zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kupisa senge waya harness terminal board, fuse, nezvimwe.
3.10 Nylon-9T (PA-9T)
Nylon-9T, inozivikanwawo sepolyamide-6T, inonzi polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Zvinhu zvaro zvakatanhamara ndezvi: kunyura kwemvura yakaderera, chiyero chemvura che 0.17%; yakanaka kupisa kupisa (kunyungudika i308 ° C, tembiricha yegirazi inosvika 126 ° C), uye tembiricha yewelding yakakwira kusvika 290 ° C. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yeruzivo uye zvikamu zvemotokari.
3.11 Naironi inoonekera (semi-aromatic naironi)
Naironi inoonekera is amorphous polyamide ine zita remakemikari: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Kufambiswa kwechiedza chinooneka 85% kusvika 90%. Iyo inhibisa crystallization yenylon nekuwedzera zvikamu zvine copolymerization uye steric zvipingamupinyi kune chikamu chenylon, nekudaro ichigadzira amorphous uye yakaoma-ku-crystallize chimiro, chinochengetedza simba rekutanga uye kuoma kwenylon, uye inowana läpinäkyvä gobvu-yakavezwa zvigadzirwa. Iyo mechanical properties, magetsi emagetsi, simba remagetsi uye kuoma kwenylon yakajeka inenge iri pamwero wakafanana nePC uye polysulfone.
3.12 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (naironi inonhuwira yakadimburirwa sePPA)
Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) ipolymeri yakasimba kwazvo ine chiyero chepamusoro chekuyanana uye kugarika muchimiro chayo chemolecular, uye yakasimba mabhondi ehydrogen pakati pemacheni macromolecular. Iyo polymer ine hunhu hwekusimba kwepamusoro, yakakwirira modulus, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, yakaderera density, diki yekupisa kupisa, uye yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, uye inogona kugadzirwa yakakwirira-yakasimba, yakakwira-modulus fiber (zita rekutengesa fiber reDuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Chipfeko chemauto chebulletproof).
3.13 Monomer cast naironi (monomer cast Nylon inonzi MC naironi)
MC naironi imhando yenaironi-6. Kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika nylon, ine zvinotevera maitiro:
A. Better mechanical properties: Huremu hwemamorekuru hweMC naironi hunopeta zvakapetwa kaviri hwenaironiwo zvayo (10000-40000), inenge 35000-70000, saka ine simba guru, kusimba kwakanaka, kupikisa, kuramba kuneta uye kuramba kwakanaka. .
B. Ine imwe ruzha inopfeza: MC naironi ine mutsindo wekubata basa, uye ine mari shoma uye inoshanda zvinhu zvekudzivirira ruzha rwemuchina, sekugadzira magiya nawo.
C. Kusimba kwakanaka: Zvigadzirwa zve MC naironi hazviburitse deformation isingaperi kana yakakotama, uye inochengetedza simba uye kusimba, inova chinhu chakakosha pamamiriro ezvinhu ari pasi pemitoro yakakura.
D. Iine zviri nani kupfeka kuramba uye self-lubricating ehupfumi;
E. Iine maitiro ekusabatana nezvimwe zvinhu;
F. Kunyura kwemvura kwakadzikira kaviri kusvika ku2 pane yenylon yakajairika, kumhanya kwemvura kunononoka, uye kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa kuri nani pane iyo yakajairika naironi;
G. Kugadzira michina yekugadzira uye molds zviri nyore. Inogona kukandwa zvakananga kana kugadziriswa nekucheka, kunyanya yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakura, zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvidiki-madiki zvigadzirwa izvo zvakaoma kuumba majekiseni ekugadzira michina.
3.14 Reaction jekiseni Yakaumbwa Nylon (RIM Nylon)
RIM nylon ndeye block copolymer yenylon-6 uye polyether. Kuwedzerwa kwepolyether kunonatsiridza kuoma kweRIM nylon, kunyanya kudzika-tembiricha kuoma, kusimba kwakanyanya kupisa, uye kugona kuvandudza tembiricha yekubikira paunenge uchipenda.
3.15 IPN naironi
IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) naironi ine zvinhu zvakafanana zvemuchina kune nylon yekutanga, asi yakagadziridzwa kusvika kune akasiyana madhigirii maererano nesimba rekukanganisa, kupisa kupisa, lubricity uye processability. IPN nylon resin ndeye yakasanganiswa pellet yakagadzirwa nenylon resin uye pellets ine silicone resin ine vinyl inoshanda mapoka kana alkyl anoshanda mapoka. Munguva yekugadzira, mapoka maviri akasiyana anoshanda pasilicone resin anopinda muchinjiko-yekubatanidza maitiro kuti aumbe IPN Ultra-yakakwirira molecular uremu silicone resin, iyo inoumba matatu-dimensional network chimiro mune yakakosha nylon resin. Nekudaro, crosslinking inongoumbwa zvishoma, uye chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chicharamba chichiyambuka panguva yekuchengetedza kusvika chapera.
3.16 Naironi inemagetsi
Electroplated nylon yakazadzwa nemamineral fillers uye ine simba rakanyanya, rigidity, kupisa kupisa uye kugadzikana kwedimensional. Iyo ine chitarisiko chakafanana neye electroplated ABS, asi inopfuura kure electroplated ABS mukuita.
Iyo electroplating process musimboti wenylon yakangofanana neyeABS, ndiko kuti, pamusoro pechigadzirwa chinotanga kuomeswa nemakemikari kurapwa (etching process), uyezve iyo catalyst inoshambadzirwa uye inoderedzwa (catalytic process), uyezve kemikari. electroplating uye electroplating inoitwa kugadzira mhangura, nickel, Masimbi akadai sechromium anoumba dense, yunifomu, yakaoma uye conductive firimu pamusoro pechigadzirwa.
3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide inonzi PI)
Polyimide (PI) ipolymer ine imide mapoka mumaketani makuru. Iine high heat resistance uye radiation resistance. Iyo ine-isina-kupisa, kupfeka kusagadzikana uye yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana pakupisa kwakanyanya. Bonde risina kunaka.
Aliphatic polyimide (PI): maitiro asina kunaka;
Aromatic polyimide (PI): inoshanda (iyo inotevera sumo ndeyekunhuhwirira PI chete).
A. PI kupisa kuramba: decomposition tembiricha 500℃～600℃
(Mamwe marudzi anogona kuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri munguva pfupi pa 555 ° C, uye inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pa 333 ° C);
B. PI inoshingirira pakupisa kwakadzika: haizoputsike mumvura ine nitrogen pa -269°C;
C. PI mechanical simba: Unreinforced elastic modulus: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber yakasimbiswa: 200 GPa; pamusoro pe 260 ° C, kuchinja kwekugadzirisa kunononoka kudarika aluminium;
D. PI radiation kuramba: yakagadzikana pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro, vacuum uye mwaranzi, ine zvinhu zvishoma zvisingaite. High simba rekuchengetedza chiyero mushure me irradiation;
E. PI dielectric zvivakwa:
a. Dielectric nguva dzose: 3.4
b. Dielectric kurasikirwa: 10-3
c. Dielectric simba: 100 ~ 300KV/mm
d. Vhoriyamu resistivity: 1017
F, PI creep resistance: pakupisa kwepamusoro, chiyero chinokambaira idiki pane chealuminium;
G. Friction performance: Kana PI VS simbi ichikweshana payakaoma, inogona kuendesa kune friction surface uye kutamba yega-lubricating basa, uye coefficient of dynamic friction iri padhuze zvakanyanya necoefficient of static friction, iyo. ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kukambaira.
H. Zvakaipa: mutengo wepamusoro, unoganhurira kushandiswa mumaindasitiri eruzhinji.
Yese polyamides ine imwe dhigirii yehygroscopicity. Mvura inoshanda seplasticizer mu polyamides. Mushure mekutora mvura, mazhinji emagetsi uye emagetsi zvimiro zvinodzikira, asi kuoma uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kunowedzera.
Nylon (polyamide) mhando uye sumo yekushandisa