Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe thermoplastics uye thermosets?

Thermoplastics uye thermosets marudzi maviri emapolymer ane zvimiro uye maitiro akasiyana. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri zviri mukupindura kwavo kupisa uye kugona kwavo kuumbwa patsva. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mutsauko pakati pe thermoplastics uye thermosets zvakadzama.

Thermoplastics

Thermoplastics mapolymer anogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwa patsva kakawanda pasina kuita shanduko yakakosha yemakemikari. Ivo vane mutsara kana dhizaini chimiro, uye macheni avo epolymer anobatwa pamwechete neasina simba intermolecular masimba. Kana ichipisa, thermoplastics inopfava uye inove inogoneka, ichivabvumira kuti vaumbwe mumhando dzakasiyana. Mienzaniso ye thermoplastics inosanganisira polyethylene, polypropyleneuye polystyrene.

Mhinduro kuKupisa

Thermoplastics inopfava kana ichipisa uye inogona kuumbwa patsva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo isina simba intermolecular masimba akabata polymer cheni pamwe chete anokundwa nekupisa, zvichibvumira cheni kufamba zvakasununguka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, thermoplastics inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwazve kakawanda pasina kuita chero yakakosha shanduko yemakemikari.

Kudzoserwa

Thermoplastics inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwazve kakawanda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti cheni dzepolymer hadzina kubatanidzwa nemakemikari kune imwe neimwe, uye iyo intermolecular masimba anoabata pamwechete haana simba. Kana iyo thermoplastic yakanyoroveswa, maketani anosimbisazve, uye mauto e-intermolecular anosimbiswa zvakare.

Chemical Kuumbwa

Thermoplastics ine mutsara kana dhizaini chimiro, ine isina kusimba intermolecular masimba akabata macheni avo epolymer pamwechete. Maketani haana kusungirirwa mumakemikari kune mumwe nemumwe, uye masimba e-intermolecular haana simba. Izvi zvinobvumira maketani kuti afambe zvakasununguka kana achipisa, zvichiita kuti thermoplastic iwedzere kuumbwa.

Mechanical Properties

Thermoplastics kazhinji ine simba rakaderera uye kuoma zvichienzaniswa ne thermosets. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti cheni dzepolymer hadzina kubatanidzwa nemakemikari kune imwe neimwe, uye iyo intermolecular masimba anoabata pamwechete haana simba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, thermoplastics inowedzera kuchinjika uye ine yakaderera modulus ye elasticity.

Applications

Thermoplastics inowanzoshandiswa mune zvigadzirwa zvinoda kuchinjika, senge zvinhu zvekurongedza, mapaipi, thermoplastic coatings uye zvikamu zvemotokari. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo mumashandisirwo anoda kujeka, senge kurongedza chikafu nemidziyo yekurapa.

Thermosets

Thermoset mapolymers anosangana nemakemikari maitiro panguva yekurapa, ayo anoashandura zvisingachinjike kuita yakaoma, yakachinjika mamiriro. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa sekuyambuka kana kurapa, uye inowanzokonzereswa nekupisa, kudzvanywa, kana kuwedzerwa kweanorapa. Kana yangoporeswa, thermosets haigone kunyungudutswa kana kuumbwa patsva pasina kuderera zvakanyanya. Mienzaniso ye thermosets inosanganisira epoxy, phenolic, uye polyester resins.

Mhinduro kuKupisa

Thermosets inosangana nemakemikari maitiro panguva yekurapa, iyo isingachinjiki inovashandura kuita yakaoma, yakachinjika mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvipfave kana zvichipisa uye hazvigone kuumbwa patsva. Kana yangorapwa, ma thermosets anoomeswa zvachose uye haagone kunyungudutswa kana kuumbwa patsva pasina kuderera zvakanyanya.

Kudzoserwa

Thermosets haigone kunyungudutswa kana kuumbwa patsva mushure mekurapa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kemikari inoitika panguva yekurapa isingachinjiki inoshandura cheni dzepolymer kuita yakaoma, yakabatana. Kana yangorapwa, iyo thermoset inoomeswa zvachose uye haigone kunyungudutswa kana kuumbwa patsva pasina kuderera zvakanyanya.

Chemical Kuumbwa

Thermosets ine yakachinjika chimiro, ine yakasimba covalent zvisungo pakati pepolymer cheni. Maketani akabatanidzwa nemakemikari kune mumwe nemumwe, uye intermolecular masimba anoabata pamwechete akasimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti thermoset ive yakaoma uye isingachinjiki kupfuura thermoplastic.

Mechanical Properties

Thermosets, kana yangoporeswa, inoratidzira yakanakisa dimensional kugadzikana, simba rakakura, uye kuramba kupisa nemakemikari. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yakachinjika chimiro che thermoset inopa yakakwira dhigirii yekuomarara uye kusimba. Iyo yakasimba covalent zvisungo pakati pepolymer cheni zvakare inoita kuti thermoset irambe ichidzivirira kupisa uye makemikari.

Applications

Thermosets anoshandiswa mumashandisirwo anoda kusimba kwepamusoro uye kusimba, senge zvikamu zvendege, magetsi ekudzivirira, uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo mumashandisirwo anoda kuramba kupisa uye makemikari, senge machira, anonamira, uye sealants.

Kuenzanisa kweThermoplastics uye Thermosets

Misiyano pakati pe thermoplastics uye thermosets inogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:

• 1. Mhinduro kune kupisa: Thermoplastics inopfava kana ichipisa uye inogona kuumbwa patsva, nepo thermosets inopinda mumakemikari reaction uye inova yakaoma zvachose.
• 2. Reversibility: Thermoplastics inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwazve kakawanda, nepo thermosets haigoni kunyungudutswa zvakare kana kuumbwa zvakare mushure mekuporesa.
• 3. Chimiro chemakemikari: Thermoplastics ine mutsara kana branched chimiro, ine simba risina simba re intermolecular rakabata cheni dzavo dzepolymer pamwechete. Thermosets ine yakachinjika chimiro, ine yakasimba covalent zvisungo pakati pepolymer cheni.
• 4. Mechanical properties: Thermoplastics inowanzova nesimba rakaderera uye kuoma zvichienzaniswa ne thermosets. Thermosets, kana yangoporeswa, inoratidzira yakanakisa dimensional kugadzikana, simba rakakura, uye kuramba kupisa nemakemikari.
• 5. Zvishandiso: Thermoplastics inowanzoshandiswa mune zvigadzirwa zvinoda kushanduka, zvakadai sekutakura zvinhu, mapaipi, uye zvikamu zvemotokari. Thermosets anoshandiswa mumashandisirwo anoda kusimba kwepamusoro uye kusimba, senge zvikamu zvendege, magetsi ekudzivirira, uye zvinhu zvinoumbwa.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, thermoplastics uye thermosets marudzi maviri emapolymer ane hunhu hwakasiyana uye maitiro. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri zviri mukupindura kwavo kupisa uye kugona kwavo kuumbwa patsva. Thermoplastics inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwa patsva kakawanda pasina shanduko yakakosha yekemikari, nepo thermosets ichiita kemikari kuita panguva yekurapa, iyo inovashandura zvisingaite kuti ive yakaoma, yakabatana. Kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati pe thermoplastics uye thermosets kwakakosha pakusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera kune yakapihwa application.