Naylon (polyamide) noocyada iyo hordhaca codsiga

1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), oo loo yaqaan PA, oo loo yaqaanno Nylon

2. Habka magacaynta ugu muhiimsan: marka loo eego tirada atamka kaarboonka ee r kastaepekooxda amide. Nambarka ugu horreeya ee magac-u-yaalku wuxuu tilmaamayaa tirada atamka kaarboon ee diamine, lambarka soo socdaa wuxuu tilmaamayaa tirada atomyada kaarboon ee dicarboxylic acid.

3. Noocyada naylon:

3.1 Naylon-6 (PA6)

Nylon-6, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-6, waa polycaprolactam. Bees caano ah oo dhalaalaysa ama aan muuqan.

3.2 Naylon-66 (PA66)

Nylon-66, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-66, waa polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Naylon-1010 (PA1010)

Nylon-1010, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-1010, waa polyseramide. Nylon-1010 waxaa laga sameeyay saliidda castor sida alaabta ceeriin ee aasaasiga ah, taas oo ah noocyo kala duwan oo dalkayga ah. Astaantiisa ugu weyn waa ductility sare, kaas oo lagu fidin karo 3 ilaa 4 jeer dhererka asalka ah, oo leh awood xoog badan, iska caabin heer sare ah iyo iska caabin heerkul hooseeya, mana aha mid jajaban -60 ° C.

3.4 Naylon-610 (PA-610)

Nylon-610, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-610, waa polyhexamethylene diamide. Waa cadaan kareem leh oo translucent ah. Xooggeedu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa naylon-6 iyo naylon-66. Cuf-jiid gaar ah oo yar, crystallinity hooseeya, saameyn yar oo ku saabsan biyaha iyo qoyaanka, xasilloonida cabbirka wanaagsan, is-daminta. Loo isticmaalo qaybo balaastig ah oo sax ah, dhuumaha saliida, weelasha, xargaha, suumanka wax qaada, xadhkaha, gaasaska, alaabta dahaarka ee guryaha korontada iyo elektiroonigga ah.

3.5 Naylon-612 (PA-612)

Nylon-612, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-612, waa polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Nylon-612 waa nooc naylon ah oo ka adag. Waxay leedahay meel dhalaalaysa oo ka hooseeya PA66 wayna ka jilicsan tahay. Iska caabin kuleylkeedu wuxuu la mid yahay kan PA6, laakiin waxay leedahay iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo hydrolysis iyo xasilloonida cabbirka, iyo nuugista biyaha hooseeya. Isticmaalka ugu weyn waa sida bristles monofilament ee burushka cadayga.

3.6 Naylon-11 (PA-11)

Nylon-11, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-11, waa polyundecalactam. Jirka translucent cad. Sifooyinkeeda cajiibka ah waa heerkulka dhalaalid hooseeya iyo heerkulka habaynta ballaaran, nuugista biyaha hooseeya, waxqabadka heerkulka hooseeya, iyo dabacsanaanta wanaagsan oo lagu ilaalin karo -40 ° C ilaa 120 ° C. Inta badan loo isticmaalo dhuumaha saliidda baabuurta, tuubada nidaamka bireega, daahan fiilada fiber indhaha, filimka baakadaha, waxyaabaha maalinlaha ah, iwm.

3.7 Naylon-12 (PA-12)

Nylon-12, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-12, waa polydodecamide. Waxay la mid tahay Nylon-11, laakiin waxay leedahay cufnaanta hoose, barta dhalaalka, iyo nuugista biyaha marka loo eego Nylon-11. Sababtoo ah waxay ka kooban tahay qadar badan oo ah wakiilka adag, waxay leedahay sifooyinka isku dhafka polyamide iyo polyolefin. Sifooyinkeeda cajiibka ah waa heerkul sare oo burbursan, nuugista biyaha oo hooseeya iyo iska caabin heerkul hoose oo aad u wanaagsan. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa tuubooyinka shidaalka baabuurta, baallayaasha qalabka, baallayaasha xawaaraha, tuubooyinka bireega, qaybaha qaylada nuugaya ee qalabka elegtarooniga ah, iyo galalka fiilooyinka.

3.8 Naylon-46 (PA-46)

Nylon-46, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-46, waa polybutylene adipamide. Sifooyinkeeda cajiibka ah waa crystallinity sare, iska caabin heerkul sarreeya, qallafsanaan sare iyo xoog sare. Inta badan loo isticmaalo mishiinka baabuurta iyo qaybaha durugsan, sida madaxa dhululubada, salulunada saliidda, daboolka saliidda, gudbinta.

Warshadaha korantada, waxaa loo isticmaalaa kontaroolka, saldhigyada, bobbins gariiradda, furayaasha iyo meelaha kale ee u baahan caabbinta kulaylka sare iyo caabbinta daalka.

3.9 Naylon-6T (PA-6T)

Nylon-6T, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-6T, waa polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Sifooyinkeeda cajiibka ah waa iska caabin heerkul sare ah (barta dhalaalidu waa 370 ° C, heerkulka kala-guurka dhalada waa 180 ° C, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa waqti dheer 200 ° C), xoog sare, cabbir deggan, iyo iska caabin alxan oo wanaagsan. Inta badan loo isticmaalo qaybaha baabuurta, daboolka bamka saliidda, shaandhada hawada, qaybaha korantada ee kulaylka u adkaysta sida guddiga xadhigga xadhigga, fiyuuska, iwm.

3.10 Naylon-9T (PA-9T)

Nylon-9T, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polyamide-6T, waa polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Sifooyinkeeda cajiibka ah waa: nuugista biyaha oo hooseeya, heerka nuugista biyaha ee 0.17%; U adkaysiga kulaylka wanaagsan (barta dhalaalidu waa 308 ° C, heerkulka kala-guurka dhalada waa 126 ° C), heerkulkeeduna alxanku wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 290 ° C. Inta badan loo isticmaalo elaktrooniga, qalabka korontada, qalabka macluumaadka iyo qaybaha baabuurta.

3.11 Naylon hufan

Naylon hufan waa polyamide amorphous ah oo leh magac kiimiko: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Gudbinta iftiinka muuqda waa 85% ilaa 90%. Waxay ka hortagtaa crystallization ee naylon iyadoo ku daraysa qaybo leh copolymerization iyo caqabadaha steric ee qaybta nylon, taas oo soo saarta qaab-dhismeedka amorphous iyo adag-si-crystalize, kaas oo ilaalinaya xoogga asalka ah iyo adkaanta nayloon, oo ay helaan alaabooyin dhumuc weyn leh oo hufan. Qalabka farsamada, guryaha korantada, xoogga farsamada iyo adkaanta naylon hufan waxay ku dhow yihiin heer la mid ah PC iyo polysulfone.

3.12 Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) ( naylon caraf udgoon oo loo soo gaabiyo PPA)

Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) waa polymer aad u adag oo leh heerar sare oo summetry iyo joogtaynta qaab dhismeedka molecular, iyo xidhidhyo hydrogen adag oo u dhexeeya silsiladaha makromolecular. polymer-ku wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin awood sare leh, modules sare, iska caabin heerkul sare ah, cufnaanta hoose, yaraanta kulaylka yar, iyo xasilloonida cabbirka wanaagsan, waxaana laga dhigi karaa fiilooyin aad u sarreeya, modulus sare (magaca ganacsiga fiber-ka ee DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Waa maaddada dharka aan xabadu karin ee militariga).

3.13 Monomer cast nylon (Monomer cast nylon oo loo yaqaan MC naylon)

MC naylon waa nooc naylon-6 ah. Marka la barbardhigo naylon caadiga ah, waxay leedahay sifooyinka soo socda:

A. Qalabka farsamada ee ka wanaagsan: Miisaanka molecular ee qaraabada ah ee MC naylon waa laba jeer ka naylon caadiga ah (10000-40000), qiyaastii 35000-70000, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay awood sare, adkeysi wanaagsan, caabbinta saameynta, caabbinta daalka iyo iska caabin wanaagsan oo gurguurta. .

B. Waxa uu leeyahay nuugista dhawaaq gaar ah: MC naylon waxa uu leeyahay shaqo nuugista dhawaaqa, waana shay dhaqaale ahaan iyo wax ku ool ah oo lagaga hortagayo buuqa farsamada, sida samaynta marsho.

C. Adkeysiga Wanaagsan: Alaabta MC nylon ma soo saaraan qallafsanaan joogto ah marka la leexiyo, waxayna ilaaliyaan xoogga iyo adkaanta, taas oo ah sifo aad muhiim u ah xaaladaha ku xiran culeyska sare.

D. Waxay si fiican u xidhataa iska caabin iyo sifooyin is-saliid;

E. Waxay leedahay sifooyin aan ku xidhnayn walxo kale;

F. Heerka nuugista biyuhu waa 2 ilaa 2.5 jeer ka hooseeya kan naylon caadiga ah, xawliga nuugista biyuhu wuu gaabiyaa, xasiloonida cabbirka ee badeecadu sidoo kale way ka fiican tahay tan naylon caadiga ah;

G. Samaynta qalabka farsamaynta iyo caaryada waa sahlan yihiin. Si toos ah ayaa loo tuuri karaa ama loo farsamayn karaa iyadoo la jarayo, gaar ahaan ku habboon wax soo saarka qaybo waaweyn, noocyo kala duwan iyo badeecooyin yar yar oo ay adag tahay in la soo saaro mishiinnada wax lagu dubo.

3.14 Duridda Falcelinta Naayloon ee Qaabaysan (RIM Nylon)

RIM naylon waa koboleymer ka samaysan naylon-6 iyo polyeter. Ku darida polyeter-ka waxay wanaajisaa adkaanta RIM nylon, gaar ahaan heerkulka hooseeya, caabbinta kulaylka aadka u fiican, iyo awoodda lagu hagaajinayo heerkulka dubista marka rinjiyeynta.

3.15 IPN naylon

IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) naylon waxa uu leeyahay sifooyin farsamo oo la mid ah naylon aasaasiga ah, laakiin waxa uu horumaray ilaa heerar kala duwan marka loo eego xoogga saamaynta, caabbinta kulaylka, saliidda iyo habsocodka. Xabagta naylon IPN waa pellet la isku daray oo laga sameeyay xabagta naylon iyo pellets ka kooban xabagta silikoon oo ay la socdaan kooxaha vinyl-ka ama kooxaha shaqeeya alkyl. Inta lagu jiro farsamaynta, laba kooxood oo kala duwan oo shaqeynaya oo ku jira xabagta silikoon waxay maraan falcelin isku-dhafan si ay u sameeyaan IPN ultra-high molecular resin silikoon, kaas oo sameeya qaab-dhismeedka shabakad saddex-geesood ah oo ku jira xuubka naylon ee aasaasiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku xidhka ayaa qayb ahaan la sameeyay, alaabta la dhammeeyayna waxay sii wadi doontaa inay isku xirto inta lagu jiro kaydinta ilaa ay ka dhammaato.

3.16 Nayloon koronto leh

Nayloon koronto leh waxaa ka buuxsamay buuxinta macdanta wuxuuna leeyahay awood aad u wanaagsan, qallafsanaan, caabbinta kulaylka iyo xasilloonida cabbirka. Waxay leedahay muuqaal la mid ah sida ABS koronto leh, laakiin aad ayey uga badan tahay ABS koronto ku jirta waxqabadka.

Mabda'a habka korantada ee naylon asal ahaan waa la mid ah kan ABS, taas oo ah, dusha sare ee alaabta ayaa marka hore lagu qallajiyaa daaweynta kiimikada (geedi socodka), ka dibna kicinta waa la dhajiyaa oo la yareeyaa (habka kicinta), ka dibna kiimiko Electroplating iyo electroplating waxaa loo sameeyaa si ay u sameeyaan copper, nikkel, Biraha sida chromium samaynta filim cufan, labis ah, adag iyo conductive on dusha alaabta.

3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide loo yaqaan PI)

Polyimide (PI) waa polymer ka kooban kooxaha imide ee silsiladda ugu weyn. Waxay leedahay iska caabin kulayl sare leh iyo iska caabin shucaac ah. Waxay leedahay gubasho la'aan, xirashada caabbinta iyo xasilloonida cabbirka wanaagsan ee heerkulka sare. Galmada liidata.

Aliphatic polyimide (PI): waxqabadka liidata;

Aromatic polyimide (PI): wax ku ool ah (hordhaca soo socda waxa loogu talagalay PI caraf udgoon oo keliya).

A. PI iska caabbinta kulaylka: heerkulka burburay 500℃～600℃

(Qaar ka mid ah noocyada qaarkood waxay ilaalin karaan sifooyin kala duwan oo jireed waqti gaaban 555 ° C, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa waqti dheer 333 ° C);

B. PI waxay u adkaysataa kulaylka aadka u hooseeya: kuma jabi doono nitrogen dareere ah -269 ° C;

C. PI xoogga farsamada: Unugyada laastikada aan la xoojin: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber la xoojiyay: 200 GPA; ka sarreeya 260 ° C, isbeddelka xajinta ayaa ka hooseeya aluminium;

D. PI caabbinta shucaaca: deggan hoos heerkulka sare, faakuum iyo shucaac, oo leh walxo aan kacsanayn. Heerka xajinta xoogga sare ka dib shucaaca;

E. PI sifooyinka tamarta korontada:

a. Dielectric joogto ah: 3.4

b. Dielectric khasaaraha: 10-3

c. Awoodda korontada: 100 ~ 300KV/mm

d. Iska caabbinta mugga: 1017

F, PI caabbinta gurguurta: heerkulka sare, heerka gurguurta ayaa ka yar kan aluminium;

G. Waxqabadka jeexjeexa: Marka birta PI VS ay isku xoqdo midba midka kale ee xaalad qalalan, waxay u wareejin kartaa dusha xoqida waxayna ka ciyaari kartaa door is-saliim ah, iyo isku-dheellitirka dhaqdhaqaaqa firfircooni wuxuu aad ugu dhow yahay isku-dhafka isdhaafka taagan, kaas oo wuxuu leeyahay awood wanaagsan oo uu kaga hortago gurguurashada.

H. Khasaaro: Qiimaha sare, kaas oo xaddidaya codsiga warshadaha rayidka ah ee caadiga ah.

Dhammaan polyamides waxay leeyihiin heer gaar ah oo hygroscopicity ah. Biyuhu waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii caagadeeyaha polyamides. Ka dib marka la nuugo biyaha, inta badan qalabka farsamada iyo korantada ayaa hoos u dhacaya, laakiin adkaanta iyo dhererka nasashada ayaa kordha.

Naylon (polyamide) noocyada iyo hordhaca codsiga