Umahluko we-LDPE, i-HDPE, kunye ne-LLDPE
I-Polyethylene yenye yezona ntlanu ezinkulu zokwenziwa kweereyini, kwaye i-China ngoku ingumthengisi ongenisa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nomthengi wesibini ngobukhulu be-polyethylene. I-Polyethylene yohlulwe kakhulu kwi-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), i-polyethylene ephantsi (LDPE), i-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) iindidi ezintathu.
Ukuthelekiswa kweepropati ze-HDPE, i-LDPE kunye nemathiriyeli ye-LLDPE
| HDPE | LDPE | IXESHA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubutyhefu bevumba | Ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba | Ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba | Ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba |
| mninzi | 0.940 ukuya kutsho 0.976g／cm3 | 0.910～0.940g/cm3 | 0.915～0.935g/cm3 |
| ezikrelekrele | 85-65% | 45-65% | 55-65% |
| Ubume beemolekyuli | Iqulethe kuphela iibhondi ze-carbon-carbon kunye ne-carbon-hydrogen, ezifuna amandla amaninzi ukuze ziqhawule | Iipolymers zinobunzima obuncinci bemolekyuli kwaye zifuna amandla amancinci ukuze ziqhekeke | Inesakhiwo esincinci somgca, amatyathanga amasebe, kunye namatyathanga amafutshane, kwaye ifuna amandla amancinci okuqhawula. |
| indawo yokuthambisa | 125-135 ℃ | 90-100 ℃ | 94-108 ℃ |
| Indlela yokusebenza | Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinileyo | Amandla omatshini angalunganga | Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinileyo |
| Amandla Amandla | phezulu | low | eliphezulu |
| Ukwahlula kwikhefu | eliphezulu | low | phezulu |
| Amandla empembelelo | eliphezulu | low | phezulu |
| Ubungqina bokufuma kunye nokusebenza kwamanzi | Ukungena kakuhle emanzini, umphunga wamanzi kunye nomoya, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, kunye nokuchasana nokungena kwamanzi | Ukufuma okungalunganga kunye neempawu zokuthintela umoya | Ukungena kakuhle emanzini, umphunga wamanzi kunye nomoya, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, kunye nokuchasana nokungena kwamanzi |
| I-Acid, i-alkali, i-corrosion, i-organic solvent resistance | Ukumelana nokubola zii-oxidants ezinamandla; ukumelana ne-asidi, i-alkali kunye neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo; ayinyibilikiyo nakweziphi na izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, njl. | Ukumelana ne-asidi, i-alkali kunye netyuwa kwisisombululo se-corrosion, kodwa ukunganyangeki kwe-solvent | Ukumelana neeasidi, iialkali, kunye nezinyibilikisi zendalo |
| Ukumelana nobushushu/ukubanda | Inokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kunye nokumelana nokubanda, nakwiqondo lobushushu begumbi nakwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi le -40F. Inokumelana nempembelelo ebalaseleyo kunye nobushushu bayo obuphantsi embrittlement lobushushu | Ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi be-embrittlement lobushushu | Ukumelana nobushushu obuhle kunye nokumelana nokubanda, ubushushu obuphantsi be-embrittlement |
| Ukumelana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwendalo | kulungile | bhetele | kulungile |
I-Polyethylene ephezulu yoxinaniso
I-HDPE ayinayo ityhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba, kwaye inobuninzi be-0.940 ~ 0.976g/cm3, eyimveliso yepolymerization phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphantsi phantsi kwe-catalyst ye-Ziegler catalyst, ngoko ke i-polyethylene ephezulu iyaziwa njengoxinzelelo oluphantsi. i-polyethylene.
eziluncedo:
I-HDPE i-resin ye-thermoplastic engekho-polar ene-crystallinity ephezulu eyenziwe yi-ethylene copolymerization. Inkangeleko ye-HDPE yoqobo imhlophe qhwa, kwaye iguquguquka kwinqanaba elithile kwicandelo elincinci. Inokumelana okugqwesileyo kuninzi lweekhemikhali zasekhaya kunye nezoshishino, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuchithwa kwee-oxidants ezomeleleyo (i-nitric acid egxininisiweyo), i-asidi kunye neetyuwa zealkali kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-organic (carbon tetrachloride). I-polymer ayifuni ukufuma kwaye inokumelana kakuhle namanzi kwi-steam, engasetyenziselwa ukufuma kunye nokukhuselwa kwamanzi.
bendlela:
Ukungalungi kukuba ukuchasana nokuguga kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwendalo akulunganga njenge-LDPE, ngakumbi i-oxidation ye-thermal iya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngoko ke i-polyethylene ephezulu yongeza i-antioxidants kunye ne-ultraviolet absorbers ukuphucula ukusilela kwayo xa isenza i-plastiki roll.
Ubuninzi bePolyethylene
I-LDPE ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba, kwaye inoxinano lwe-0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm3. I-polymerized nge-oxygen okanye i-organic peroxide njenge-catalyst phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-100 ~ 300MPa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-high-pressure polyethylene.
eziluncedo:
I-Polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi lolona hlobo lulula kakhulu lwe-polyethylene resin. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-polyethylene ephezulu, i-crystallinity yayo (55% -65%) kunye ne-softening point (90-100 ℃) iphantsi. Inokuthamba okuhle, ukwandiswa, ukungafihli, ukumelana nokubanda kunye nokuqhubekeka. Ukuzinza kwayo kweekhemikhali kulungile, kunokumelana ne-asidi, i-alkali kunye netyuwa isisombululo se-aqueous; Ukufakwa kakuhle kombane kunye nokungena kwegesi; Ukufunxa amanzi aphantsi; Kulula ukutshisa. Ipropathi ithambile, inokwandiswa okulungileyo, ukugquma kombane, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, ukusebenza kokucubungula kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi (ukumelana ne -70 ℃).
bendlela:
Ukungalungi kukuba amandla ayo omatshini, ukugquma ukufuma, ukugquma kwegesi kunye nokumelana ne-solvent akubi. Isakhiwo se-molecular asiqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo, i-crystallinity (55% -65%) iphantsi, kwaye i-crystallization melting point (108-126 ℃) nayo iphantsi. Amandla alo omatshini angaphantsi kune-polyethylene ephezulu, i-coefficient yayo ye-anti-seepage, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuchasana nokuguga akubi, kwaye kulula ukubola kunye nokuguqulwa kombala phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, okubangela ukwehla komsebenzi, ngoko i-polyethylene ene-low-density yongeza i-antioxidants kunye ne-absorption ye-ultraviolet ukuphucula iintsilelo zayo xa isenza amaphepha eplastiki.
I-Linear Low Density Polyethylene
I-LLDPE ayinayo ityhefu, ayinancasa, ayinavumba, kwaye inoxinano phakathi kwe-0.915 kunye ne-0.935g/cm3. I-copolymer ye-ethylene kunye nenani elincinci le-alpha-olefin ehamba phambili (efana ne-butene-1, i-hexene-1, i-octene-1, i-tetrmethylpentene-1, njl.) i-polymerized phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo oluphantsi phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst. . Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli ye-LLDPE eqhelekileyo luphawulwa ngomqolo walo onqamlezileyo, onamatyathanga ambalwa okanye angekho amade amade, kodwa aqulathe amatyathanga amafutshane amasebe. Ukungabikho kwamatyathanga amade e-branched kwenza i-polymer ibe yikristale ngakumbi.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LDPE, i-LLDPE ineenzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinileyo, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokubanda, njl. izinyibilikisi eziphilayo njalo njalo.
Indlela yokwahlula
I-LDPE: Ukuchongwa kweemvakalelo: imvakalelo ethambileyo; Okumhlophe okucacileyo, kodwa ukungafihli kuphakathi. Ukuchongwa kokutsha: idangatye elivuthayo elityheli kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Xa utshisa ngaphandle komsi, kukho ivumba leparafini, inyibilika ithontsiza, kulula ukutsala ucingo.
I-LLDPE: I-LLDPE inokudumba xa idibana ne-benzene ixesha elide, kwaye ibe brittle xa idibana ne-HCL ixesha elide.
I-HDPE: Ubushushu bokusebenza kwe-LDPE buphantsi, malunga ne-160 degrees, kwaye ubuninzi be-0.918 ukuya kwi-0.932 grams / cubic centimeter. Ubushushu bokusebenza kwe-HDPE buphezulu, malunga ne-180 degrees, ukuxinana kuphezulu.
isishwankathelo
Isishwankathelo, ezi ntlobo zintathu zingentla zezixhobo zidlala indima yazo ebalulekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli bokuthintela ukubola. I-HDPE, i-LDPE kunye ne-LLDPE iintlobo ezintathu zezixhobo zinokugquma okulungileyo kunye nobungqina bokufuma, ukunganyanzeki, okungeyona ityhefu, ukunambitha, ukusebenza ngokungenavumba kwenza kube kwezolimo, i-aquaculture, amachibi okwenziwa, amadama, ukusetyenziswa komlambo nako kubanzi kakhulu, kwaye nguMphathiswa. yezoLimo laseTshayina iBureau, iShanghai AcadI-emy yeSayensi yezokuLoba, iZiko loomatshini bokuloba kunye nezixhobo zokukhuthaza nokwazisa ngesicelo.
Kwimeko ephakathi yee-asidi ezomeleleyo, ii-alkali ezinamandla, ii-oxidants ezomeleleyo kunye nezinyibilikisi zendalo, iipropathi zezinto ze-HDPE kunye ne-LLDPE zinokudlalwa kakuhle kwaye zisetyenziswe, ngakumbi i-HDPE iphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezimbini ngokuchasana ne-asidi eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo. ialkalis, iipropathi ezinamandla ze-oxidation kunye nokuchasana nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ke ngoko, i-HDPE i-coil anti-corrosion coil isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwishishini lemichiza kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
I-LDPE nayo ine-asidi elungileyo, i-alkali, iimpawu zesisombululo setyuwa, kwaye inokwandiswa okulungileyo, ukugquma kombane, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi emanzini, ukupakishwa, ngokukodwa ukupakishwa kobushushu obuphantsi kunye izixhobo zentambo.
