Umehluko we-LDPE, HDPE, ne-LLDPE
I-polyethylene ingenye yezinsalela ezinkulu ezinhlanu zokwenziwa, futhi i-China njengamanje ingumthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe futhi ingumthengi wesibili ngobukhulu we-polyethylene. I-Polyethylene ihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), i-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), i-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) izigaba ezintathu.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zezinto ze-HDPE, LDPE kanye ne-LLDPE
| I-HDPE | LDPE | LLDPE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuthi bephunga | Ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga | Ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga | Ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga |
| Ubuningi | 0.940–0.976g／cm3 | 0.910⽞0.940g/cm3 | 0.915⽞0.935g/cm3 |
| crystalline | 85-65% | 45-65% | 55-65% |
| Isakhiwo samangqamuzana | Iqukethe kuphela amabhondi e-carbon-carbon ne-carbon-hydrogen, adinga amandla engeziwe ukuze aphule | Ama-polymers anesisindo samangqamuzana amancane futhi adinga amandla amancane ukuze aphule | Inokwakheka komugqa omncane, amaketanga anamagatsha, namaketango amafushane, futhi idinga amandla amancane ukuze inqamuke. |
| ukuthambisa iphuzu | I-125-135 ℃ | I-90-100 ℃ | I-94-108 ℃ |
| Ukuziphatha kwemishini | Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinile | Amandla amancane emishini | Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinile |
| Amandla Amandla | high | ongaphakeme | ephakeme |
| Ukuphakanyiswa ngesikhathi sokuphumula | ephakeme | ongaphakeme | high |
| Amandla anomthelela | ephakeme | ongaphakeme | high |
| Ukusebenza kokuvikela umswakama nokungangeni kwamanzi | Ukungena kahle kwamanzi, umhwamuko wamanzi nomoya, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, kanye nokungangeni kahle kwamanzi. | Umswakama ompofu kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela umoya | Ukungena kahle kwamanzi, umhwamuko wamanzi nomoya, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, kanye nokungangeni kahle kwamanzi. |
| I-Acid, i-alkali, ukugqwala, ukumelana ne-solvent ye-organic | Imelana nokugqwala ngama-oxidants aqinile; ukumelana ne-asidi, i-alkali kanye nosawoti ohlukahlukene; ezingancibiliki kunoma yiziphi izincibilikisi eziphilayo, njll. | Imelana ne-asidi, i-alkali nesisombululo sikasawoti ukugqwala, kodwa ukumelana ne-solvent ebuthakathaka | Imelana nama-asidi, ama-alkali, nezinyibilikisi ze-organic |
| Ukumelana nokushisa/ukubanda | Inokumelana nokushisa okuhle nokumelana nokubanda, ngisho nasekamelweni lokushisa ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi angu-40F. Inokumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa layo eliphansi lokushisa embrittlement | Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-embrittlement lokushisa | Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle nokumelana nokubanda, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa embrittlement |
| Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yemvelo | okuhle | kangcono | okuhle |
I-Polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu
I-HDPE ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga, futhi inobuningi obungu-0.940 ~ 0.976g/cm3, okuwumkhiqizo we-polymerization ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephansi ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-Ziegler catalyst, ngakho-ke i-polyethylene ephezulu yaziwa nangokuthi ingcindezi ephansi. i-polyethylene.
Izinzuzo:
I-HDPE i-non-polar thermoplastic resin ene-crystallinity ephezulu eyakhiwe yi-ethylene copolymerization. Ukubukeka kwe-HDPE yasekuqaleni kumhlophe qhwa, futhi ishintshashintsha ngokwezinga elithile esigabeni esincane. Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu namakhemikhali amaningi asekhaya nawezimboni, futhi ingamelana nokugqwala nokuncibilika kwama-oxidants aqinile (i-nitric acid egxilile), usawoti we-asidi kanye ne-alkali nezincibilikisi eziphilayo (i-carbon tetrachloride). I-polymer ayimumbi umswakama futhi inokumelana okuhle kwamanzi ku-steam, engasetshenziselwa ukuvikela umswakama nokuvikela amanzi.
bawo:
Okubi ukuthi ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo akukuhle njenge-LDPE, ikakhulukazi i-oxidation eshisayo izonciphisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke i-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu yengeza ama-antioxidants kanye nama-absorber ultraviolet ukuthuthukisa ukushiyeka kwayo lapho wenza i-plastic roll.
Ubuningi obuphansi be-Polyethylene
I-LDPE ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga, futhi inokuminyana okungu-0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm3. Yenziwe i-polymerized nge-oxygen noma i-organic peroxide njenge-catalyst ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-100 ~ 300MPa, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene ephezulu.
Izinzuzo:
I-Low density polyethylene uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-polyethylene resin. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyethylene ephezulu-density, ubucwebe bayo (55% -65%) kanye nephoyinti lokuthambisa (90-100 ℃) liphansi. Inokuthamba okuhle, ukunwebeka, ukucaca, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokucutshungulwa. Ukuzinza kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuhle, kungamelana ne-asidi, i-alkali kanye nesisombululo esinamanzi sikasawoti; Ukufakwa kahle kukagesi kanye nokungena kwegesi; Ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi; Kulula ukushisa. Impahla ithambile, inokwandiswa okuhle, ukwahlukanisa ugesi, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kokucubungula kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi (ukumelana no -70 ℃).
bawo:
Ububi ukuthi amandla ayo emishini, ukufakwa umswakama, ukufakwa kwegesi kanye nokumelana ne-solvent akukuhle. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana asivamile ngokwanele, i-crystallinity (55% -65%) iphansi, futhi iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-crystallization (108-126 ℃) nalo liphansi. Amandla ayo okusebenza aphansi kunalawo e-polyethylene ephezulu-density, i-coefficient yayo ye-anti-seepage, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokuguga akulungile, futhi kulula ukubola nokushintsha umbala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza, ngakho-ke i-polyethylene ene-low density yengeza ama-antioxidants nama-absorber ultraviolet ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushiyeka kwayo lapho kwenziwa amashidi epulasitiki.
I-Linear Low Density Polyethylene
I-LLDPE ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, ayinaphunga, futhi inokuminyana phakathi kuka-0.915 no-0.935g/cm3. I-copolymer ye-ethylene kanye nenani elincane le-alpha-olefin ethuthukisiwe (njenge-butene-1, i-hexene-1, i-octene-1, i-tetrmethylpentene-1, njll.) eyenziwe i-polymer ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu noma ingcindezi ephansi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst . Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-LLDPE evamile sibonakala ngomgogodla walo oqondile, onamaketango amagatsha ambalwa noma awekho amade, kodwa aqukethe amaketanga amafushane amagatsha. Ukungabikho kwamaketanga amade egatsha kwenza i-polymer ibe crystalline kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LDPE, i-LLDPE inezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuqinile, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokubanda, njll., kodwa futhi inokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, amandla okudabula nezinye izakhiwo, futhi ingamelana ne-asidi, i-alkali, ama-solvents e-organic nokunye.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa
I-LDPE: Ukuhlonza izinzwa: ukuzwa okuthambile; Okumhlophe kusobala, kodwa ukukhanya kumaphakathi. Ukuhlonza izinto ezivuthayo: ilangabi elivuthayo eliphuzi neliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Lapho uvutha ungabhemi, kuba nephunga likapharafini, ukuncibilika okuconsayo, ukudweba kalula ucingo.
I-LLDPE: I-LLDPE ingavuvuka lapho ithintana ne-benzene isikhathi eside, futhi ibe brittle lapho ithintana ne-HCL isikhathi eside.
I-HDPE: Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula le-LDPE liphansi, cishe ama-degree angu-160, futhi ukuminyana kungu-0.918 kuya ku-0.932 amagremu/cubic centimeter. Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula i-HDPE liphakeme, cishe ama-degree angu-180, ukuminyana nakho kuphakeme.
Isifinyezo
Kafushane, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezinto ezingenhla zidlala indima yazo ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zobunjiniyela bokuvimbela ukubola. I-HDPE, i-LDPE kanye ne-LLDPE izinhlobo ezintathu zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zinokufakwa okuhle nokuvikela umswakama, ukungangenisi kwamanzi, ukusebenza okungewona ubuthi, okunganambitheki, nokunganuki kuyenza kwezolimo, ukulima kwezilwane zasemanzini, amachibi okwenziwa, amachibi, ukusetshenziswa kwemifula nakho kubanzi kakhulu, futhi nguMnyango. we-Agriculture of China Fisheries Bureau, e-Shanghai Acadi-emy of Fisheries Science, i-Institute of fishery machines kanye nezinsimbi zokukhuthaza nokwazisa isicelo.
Endaweni emaphakathi yama-asidi aqinile, ama-alkali aqinile, ama-oxidants aqinile nezincibilikisi eziphilayo, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-HDPE ne-LLDPE zingadlalwa kahle futhi zisetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi i-HDPE iphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezimbili mayelana nokumelana nama-asidi aqinile, aqinile. ama-alkali, izakhiwo eziqinile ze-oxidation kanye nokumelana nezinyibilikisi zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ikhoyili ye-HDPE evimbela ukugqwala isetshenziswe ngokugcwele embonini yamakhemikhali kanye nemboni yokuvikela imvelo.
I-LDPE iphinde ibe ne-asidi enhle, i-alkali, izici zesixazululo sikasawoti, futhi inokwandiswa okuhle, ukwahlukanisa kagesi, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kokucubungula kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi ezilwaneni zasemanzini, ukupakisha, ikakhulukazi ukupakisha okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokushisa okuphansi. izinto zekhebula.
