Izinhlobo zenayiloni (polyamide) nesingeniso sohlelo lokusebenza

1. I-Polyamide resin (i-polyamide), ebizwa ngokuthi i-PA, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi inayiloni

2. Indlela yokuqamba eyinhloko: ngokwenani lama-athomu ekhabhoni ku-r ngayinyeepeiqembu le-amide. Idijithi yokuqala ye-nomenclature ibhekisela enanini lama-athomu ekhabhoni e-diamine, futhi inombolo elandelayo ibhekisela enanini lama-athomu ekhabhoni e-dicarboxylic acid.

3. Izinhlobo zenayiloni:

3.1 Inayiloni-6 (PA6)

Inayiloni-6, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-6, i-polycaprolactam. I-resin emhlophe ekhanyayo noma e-opaque emhlophe.

3.2 Inayiloni-66 (PA66)

Inayiloni-66, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-66, i-polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Inayiloni-1010 (PA1010)

Inayiloni-1010, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-1010, i-polyseramide. Inayiloni-1010 yenziwe ngamafutha e-castor njengento eyisisekelo eluhlaza, okuwuhlobo oluhlukile ezweni lami. Isici sayo esikhulu kunazo zonke i-ductility yayo ephezulu, enganwetshwa izikhathi ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-4 ubude basekuqaleni, futhi inamandla aphezulu okuqina, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komthelela nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi ayishwabanisi ku-60°C.

3.4 Inayiloni-610 (PA-610)

Inayiloni-610, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-610, i-polyhexamethylene diamide. I-translucent creamy white. Amandla ayo aphakathi kwenayiloni-6 nenayiloni-66. Amandla adonsela phansi amancane athize, ubucwebe obuphansi, ithonya elincane emanzini kanye nomswakama, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, ukuzicisha ngokwakho. Isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zepulasitiki ezinembayo, amapayipi kawoyela, iziqukathi, izintambo, amabhande okuthutha, ama-bearings, ama-gaskets, izinto ezivikelayo ezindlini zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi nezinsimbi.

3.5 Inayiloni-612 (PA-612)

Inayiloni-612, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-612, i-polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Inayiloni-612 iwuhlobo lwenayiloni enokuqina okungcono. Inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphansi kune-PA66 futhi ithambile. Ukumelana nokushisa kwayo kufana nalokho kwe-PA6, kodwa inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-hydrolysis kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko njengama-monofilament bristles ezixubho.

3.6 Inayiloni-11 (PA-11)

Inayiloni-11, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-11, i-polyundecalactam. Umzimba okhanyayo omhlophe. Izici zayo ezivelele izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo eliphansi kanye nezinga lokushisa elibanzi lokucubungula, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle okungagcinwa ku -40°C kuya ku-120°C. Isetshenziswa kakhulu epayipini likawoyela wemoto, ipayipi lesistimu yebhuleki, intambo yentambo ye-fiber optical, ifilimu yokupakisha, izidingo zansuku zonke, njll.

3.7 Inayiloni-12 (PA-12)

Inayiloni-12, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-12, i-polydodecamide. Ifana neNyiloni-11, kodwa inomthamo ophansi, indawo encibilikayo, nokumuncwa kwamanzi kuneNyiloni-11. Ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-ejenti eqinisayo, inezici zokuhlanganisa i-polyamide ne-polyolefin. Izici zayo ezivelele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokubola, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi okuhle kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi kaphethiloli ezimoto, amaphaneli wezinsimbi, ama-accelerator pedals, ama-brake hoses, izingxenye ezimunca umsindo zezinto zikagesi, namashehethi ekhebula.

3.8 Inayiloni-46 (PA-46)

Inayiloni-46, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-46, i-polybutylene adipamide. Izici zayo ezivelele ziyi-crystallinity ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu namandla aphezulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu enjini yemoto kanye nezingxenye ze-peripheral, njengekhanda lesilinda, isisekelo sesilinda samafutha, isembozo sophawu lukawoyela, ukuhanjiswa.

Embonini kagesi, isetshenziswa kuma-contactors, amasokhethi, ama-coil bobbins, ukushintshwa kanye nezinye izinkambu ezidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokukhathala.

3.9 Inayiloni-6T (PA-6T)

Inayiloni-6T, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-6T, i-polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Izici zayo ezivelele ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (iphuzu elincibilikayo lingu-370 ° C, izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwengilazi lingu-180 ° C, futhi lingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ku-200 ° C), amandla aphezulu, usayizi ozinzile, nokumelana okuhle kokushisela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto, ikhava yephampu kawoyela, isihlungi somoya, izingxenye zikagesi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa njengebhodi letheminali yezintambo, i-fuse, njll.

3.10 Inayiloni-9T (PA-9T)

Inayiloni-9T, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide-6T, i-polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Izici zayo ezivelele yilezi: ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, izinga lokumunca amanzi lika-0.17%; ukumelana nokushisa okuhle (indawo yokuncibilika ingu-308°C, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lingu-126°C), futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokushisela liphezulu njengo-290°C. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-electronics, izinto zikagesi, izinto zolwazi kanye nezingxenye zezimoto.

3.11 Inayiloni ekhanyelayo (inayiloni enuka kamnandi)

Inayiloni esobala iyi-amorphous polyamide enegama lamakhemikhali: i-polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Ukudluliswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo kungama-85% kuya ku-90%. Ivimbela ukucwebezela kwenayiloni ngokwengeza izingxenye ezine-copolymerization kanye nezithiyo eziqinile engxenyeni yenayiloni, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize isakhiwo esine-amorphous futhi esinzima uku-crystallize, esigcina amandla okuqala kanye nokuqina kwenayiloni, futhi ithola imikhiqizo enezindonga eziwugqinsi esobala. Izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zikagesi, amandla emishini kanye nokuqina kwenayiloni esobala cishe kusezingeni elifanayo ne-PC kanye ne-polysulfone.

3.12 I-Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (inayiloni enephunga elimnandi efushanisiwe njenge-PPA)

I-Polyphthalamide (i-Polyphthalamide) iyi-polymer eqinile kakhulu enezinga eliphezulu lokulinganisa nokujwayelekile ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana, namabhondi e-hydrogen aqinile phakathi kwamaketanga e-macromolecular. I-polymer inezici zamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi, ukushwabana okuncane kokushisa, kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, futhi ingenziwa ibe imicu yamandla aphezulu, ephezulu-modulus (igama le-fiber trade ye-DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Yimpahla yezempi engangenwa bulletproof).

3.13 Inayiloni eyi-Monomer cast (inayiloni eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi inayiloni ye-MC)

Inayiloni ye-MC iwuhlobo lwenayiloni-6. Uma iqhathaniswa nenayiloni evamile, inezici ezilandelayo:

A. Izakhiwo ezingcono zemishini: Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene senayiloni ye-MC siphindwe kabili kunenayiloni evamile (10000-40000), cishe 35000-70000, ngakho inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokumelana okuhle kokukhasa. .

B. Inomsindo othile wokumunca: Inayiloni ye-MC inomsindo wokumuncwa, futhi iyinto eyongayo futhi esebenzayo yokuvimbela umsindo wemishini, njengokwenza amagiya ngayo.

C. Ukuqina okuhle: Imikhiqizo yenayiloni ye-MC ayikhiqizi ukwakheka okungapheli lapho igobile, futhi igcina amandla nokuqina, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezingaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu yomthelela.

D. Inezici ezingcono zokumelana nokugqoka kanye nezakhiwo zokuzigcoba;

E. Inezici zokungahlanganisi nezinye izinto;

F. Izinga lokumunca amanzi lingaphansi izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-2.5 kunenayiloni evamile, isivinini sokumunca amanzi sihamba kancane, futhi ukuqina komkhiqizo nakho kungcono kunenayiloni evamile;

G. Ukwakha imishini yokucubungula kanye nesikhunta kulula. Ingaphonswa ngokuqondile noma icutshungulwe ngokusika, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinkulu, imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukahlukene kanye ne-batch encane enzima ukukhiqiza imishini yokubumba umjovo.

3.14 Inayiloni Ebunjiweyo Yokusabela (RIM Inayiloni)

I-RIM inayiloni iyi-block copolymer enayiloni-6 ne-polyether. Ukwengezwa kwe-polyether kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwenayiloni ye-RIM, ikakhulukazi ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa izinga lokushisa lokubhaka uma kupenda.

3.15 IPN inayiloni

Inayiloni ye-IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) inezici zomshini ezifanayo nenayiloni eyisisekelo, kodwa isithuthuke yaba ngamazinga ahlukahlukene mayelana namandla omthelela, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuthambisa kanye nokuguquguquka. I-IPN inayiloni resin iyi-pellet ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe nge-nylon resin kanye namapellets aqukethe i-silicone resin enamaqembu asebenzayo we-vinyl noma amaqembu asebenzayo we-alkyl. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, amaqembu amabili ahlukene asebenzayo kunhlaka ye-silicone enza ukusabela kokuxhumanisa ukuze akhe i-IPN ultra-high molecular weight silicone resin, eyenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu kunhlaka enayiloni eyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumanisa kwakheka kancane, futhi umkhiqizo oqediwe uzoqhubeka nokuphambana ngesikhathi sokugcina uze uqede.

3.16 Inayiloni efakwe ugesi

Inayiloni ye-electroplated igcwele izigcwalisi zamaminerali futhi inamandla amakhulu kakhulu, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Inokubonakala okufanayo njenge-electroplated ABS, kodwa idlula kude i-ABS ye-electroplated ekusebenzeni.

Isimiso senqubo ye-electroplating yenayiloni ngokuyisisekelo sifana naleyo ye-ABS, okungukuthi, ingaphezulu lomkhiqizo liqale libe rough nge-chemical treatment (etching process), bese i-catalyst iyakhangiswa futhi yehliswe (inqubo ye-catalytic), bese kuba ngamakhemikhali. i-electroplating kanye ne-electroplating yenziwa ukwenza ithusi, i-nickel, Izinsimbi ezifana ne-chromium zakha ifilimu eliminyene, iyunifomu, eqinile futhi eqhubayo ebusweni bomkhiqizo.

3.17 I-Polyimide (I-Polyimide ebizwa ngokuthi i-PI)

I-Polyimide (PI) i-polymer equkethe amaqembu e-imide ochungechungeni oluyinhloko. Inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nemisebe. Inokungashi, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ucansi olubi.

I-Aliphatic polyimide (PI): ukungasebenzi kahle;

I-aromatic polyimide (PI): iyasebenziseka (isingeniso esilandelayo singese-PI enamakha kuphela).

A. PI ukumelana nokushisa: izinga lokushisa lokubola 500℃～600℃

(Ezinye izinhlobo zingagcina izici ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ngesikhathi esifushane ku-555 ° C, futhi zingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ku-333 ° C);

B. PI imelana nokushisa okuphansi kakhulu: ngeke iphule inayithrojeni ewuketshezi ku -269°C;

Amandla emishini ye-C. PI: Imoduli yokunwebeka engaqinisiwe: 3 ~ 4GPa; i-fiber eqinisiwe: 200 GPa; ngaphezu kuka-260 ° C, ukuguqulwa kwe-tensile kuhamba kancane kune-aluminium;

Ukumelana nemisebe ye-D. PI: kuzinzile ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-vacuum nemisebe, enento encane eguquguqukayo. Izinga eliphezulu lokugcina amandla ngemva kokushiswa kwemisebe;

Izakhiwo ze-dielectric E. PI:

a. I-Dielectric constant: 3.4

b. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Dielectric: 10-3

c. Amandla e-Dielectric: 100 ~ 300KV/mm

d. Ukumelana nevolumu: 1017

F, ukumelana ne-PI creep: ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga lokukhuphuka lincane kune-aluminium;

Ukusebenza kwe-G. Friction: Uma i-PI VS metal ihlikihla enye kwenye esimweni esomile, ingadlulisela endaweni eshayisanayo futhi idlale indima yokuzithambisa, futhi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana okuguquguqukayo isondelene kakhulu ne-coefficient yokungqubuzana okumile, inekhono elihle lokuvimbela ukukhasa.

H. Ububi: intengo ephezulu, ekhawulela isicelo ezimbonini ezivamile zabantu.

Wonke ama-polyamides anezinga elithile le-hygroscopicity. Amanzi asebenza njenge-plasticizer kuma-polyamides. Ngemva kokumunca amanzi, izinto eziningi eziwumshini nezikagesi ziyancipha, kodwa ukuqina nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu kuyanda.

Izinhlobo zenayiloni (polyamide) nesingeniso sohlelo lokusebenza