Isigaba: Iyini i-Polyamide?

I-Polyamide, eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni, iyi-polymer yokwenziwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza, ukumelana namakhemikhali, nokuqina. Yasungulwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1930 ithimba lososayensi eDuPont, elaliholwa uWallace Carothers, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isibe enye yepulasitiki yobunjiniyela ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-Polyamide iwuhlobo lwe-polymer ye-thermoplastic eyenziwa ngokuhlanganisa i-diamine ne-dicarboxylic acid ngenqubo ebizwa nge-polycondensation. I-polymer ewumphumela ine-arepeiyunithi yokulinganisa yamaqembu e-amide (-CO-NH-) ayinikeza izici zayo zesici. I-polyamide evame kakhulu inayiloni 6,6, eyenziwe nge-hexamethylenediamine ne-adipic acid.

I-Polyamide inenani lezinto ezihlukile eziyenza ilungele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kuyinto eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside engamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi, ikwenze ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle njengezingxenye zezimoto, izingxenye zikagesi, nemishini yezimboni. Iphinde imelane namakhemikhali, imihuzuko, kanye nomthelela, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okudumile emikhiqizweni edinga ukumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-polyamide ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ingabunjwa kalula ibe yizinhlobonhlobo zomumo nosayizi, iyenze ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo. Ingase futhi iqiniswe ngezinye izinto ezifana ne-glass fibers noma i-carbon fibers ukuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwayo.

I-Polyamide isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni, ezihlanganisa ezezimoto, i-aerospace, electronics, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Embonini yezimoto, isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezinjengamakhava enjini, ama-air intake manifolds, namathangi kaphethiloli. Embonini ye-aerospace, isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezifana nezingxenye zenjini yendiza kanye nezakhi zesakhiwo. Embonini ye-electronics, isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezifana nezixhumi, amaswishi, namabhodi wesekethe. Embonini yezimpahla zabathengi, isetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo efana nezingubo, imithwalo, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo.

I-Polyamide nayo isetshenziswe embonini yezokwelapha ngezicelo ezihlukahlukene. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-sutures okuhlinzwa, ama-catheter, namanye amathuluzi ezokwelapha ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo kanye nekhono lokumelana nezinqubo zokuvala inzalo.

Sengiphetha, i-polyamide iyi-polymer yokwenziwa eguquguqukayo futhi ehlala isikhathi eside enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ziyenza ibe into efanelekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezidinga amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana namakhemikhali. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, kungenzeka ukuthi i-polyamide izoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha nobuchwepheshe.