TPU Mea Hana - Hoʻopili piha
He aha TPU
TPU is polyurethane thermoplastic, he ʻano polyurethane hiki ke hoʻomehana ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polyurethane i hui pū ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia, ʻaʻohe a ʻaʻohe paha keʻa kemika o ka polyurethane thermoplastic i loko o kona ʻano kemika, a he linear kona mau mole, akā aia kekahi nui o ka hoʻololi kino.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻololi kino i hoʻokumu mua ʻia e Schollenberge CS i ka makahiki 1958, e pili ana i nā "helu hoʻohui" ma waena o nā kaulahao polyurethane molecular linear i thermally a i ʻole reversibly soluble i nā solvents. ʻAʻole ia he loulou keʻa kemika, akā hoʻokani ʻo ia i ke kuleana o kahi loulou kemika. Ma muli o ka hopena o kēia hoʻololi kino, hoʻokumu ka polyurethane i ka manaʻo morphology multiphase, a ʻo nā paʻa hydrogen o ka polyurethane e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona morphology a e ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Heluhelu o TPU
I kēia manawa ua ʻike mākou i ka mea TPU ʻo ia, he aha kāna mau ʻano? Ma muli o nā kūlana hoʻohālikelike like ʻole, TPU Hiki i nā mea waiwai ke loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole.
No ka laʻana, e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana palupalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ke ʻano polyester, polyether type, a me butadiene type, aia nā pūʻulu ester, ether, a i ʻole butene. Wahi a ka ʻāpana ʻāpana paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano urethane a me ke ʻano urethane urea, i loaʻa e ka diol chain extender a i ʻole diamine chain extender, kēlā me kēia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa inoa maʻamau i ke ʻano polyester a me ke ʻano polyether.
E like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cross-linking, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka thermoplastic maʻemaʻe a me ka semi-thermoplastic. ʻO ka mua he ʻano laina laina maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā mea paʻa hoʻopaʻa keʻa, aʻo ka mea hope he wahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopili e like me ka urethane methacrylate. E like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana kūikawā (nā ʻāpana mechanical like ʻole), nā paipu (sheaths, rod profiles), nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni (pepa, nā papa lahilahi), a me nā adhesives, coatings, fibers, etc.
Pehea e TPU hana ʻia
TPU, mai kahi hiʻohiʻona molecular structure, nona ka polyurethane. No laila pehea ka synthesized?
Wahi a nā kaʻina hana synthesis, ua māhele nui ʻia i ka polymerization nui a me ka polymerization solution.
I ka polymerization nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i ka pre-polymerization a me ke ʻano hana hoʻokahi e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pre-rection.
- ʻO ka pre-polymerization ka hana ʻana i ka diisocyanate me ke kiʻekiʻe molecular weight diol no kekahi manawa, a laila hoʻohui i kahi mea hoʻonui kaulahao e hana. TPU.
- Hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ka hui pū ʻana i ka diol kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, diisocyanate, a me ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao e hana a hana. TPU.
Hoʻopili ka polymerization i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka diisocyanate i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻohui i ka diol kaumaha kiʻekiʻe e hana ai no kekahi manawa, a hope hoʻohui i kahi mea hoʻonui kaulahao e hana ai. TPU.
Ke ʻano TPU ʻāpana palupalu, paona molekala, maʻiʻo o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a palupalu paha, a TPU e pili ana ka moku'āina aggregation i ka mānoanoa o TPU, aia ma kahi o 1.10 a me 1.25, me ka ʻokoʻa nui ʻole mai nā ʻōpala a me nā plastics ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka paʻakikī like, ka nui o ka polyether TPU ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka polyester TPU.
Pehea e TPU mea i hanaia
TPU hana ʻia nā mea ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hana i ka huahana hope ma hope o ka synthesis o TPU particles. ʻO nā ʻano hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia no TPU ʻO ka hana ʻana he hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hoʻoponopono hoʻonā.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana plastic: e like me ka hui ʻana, ka calendering, extrusion, blow molding, a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (me ka injection, compression, transfer, and centrifugal molding). ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana i loko o ka solvent a i ʻole ka polymerizing pololei iā lākou i loko o ka solvent e hana ai i ka hopena, a laila uhi ʻia a milo paha.
TPU ʻaʻole koi i ka vulcanization cross-linking reaction no ka hana ʻana i ka huahana hope, hiki ke hoʻopōkole i ka pōʻaiapili hana, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā mea ʻōpala a hoʻohana hou ʻia.
Hana o TPU nā meahana
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi mea no ka mea he hana maikaʻi loa ia, a TPU ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa. E like me ka polyurethane hoʻolei (wai) a me ka polyurethane i hui ʻia (paʻa), TPU he modulus kiʻekiʻe, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, elongation kiʻekiʻe, elasticity kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa ʻaila, pale wela haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ka elongation nui, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he mau pōmaikaʻi nui o TPU.
ʻO nā pono mīkini o TPU e wehewehe nui ʻia mai nā ʻano o ka ikaika tensile, elongation, resilience, a me ka paʻakikī.
1.High tensile ikaika a me ka elongation nui
TPU loaʻa ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi a me ka elongation. Mai ka ʻikepili i ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation o polyether TPU ua oi loa aku mamua o PVC ilikai a me ka pulupulu.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, TPU hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻoihana meaʻai me ka ʻole a i ʻole me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui i ka wā e hana ai, he mea paʻakikī ia no nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me PVC a me ka lāʻau e hoʻokō ai.
ʻO 2.Resilience ka mea maʻalahi i ka mahana
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o TPU e pili ana i ke degere e hoʻi koke i kona kūlana mua ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi deformation, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ikehu hoʻihoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ratio o ka hana rebound deformation i ka hana e pono ai e hana i ka deformation. He hana ia o ka modulus dynamic a me ka friction o loko o ke kino elastic, a ua maʻalahi loa i ka wela.
ʻO nā ʻāpana palupalu o TPU ʻo PTMG, PCL, a me PBA, me nā paona molekala pili o 1000 a me 2000, pakahi; ʻo nā ʻāpana paʻakikī ʻo MDI-BDO, me nā ʻāpana paʻakikī o 48.2% (ʻo PCL-1250 ka 42.7%) a me 31.7%, a me r0 = 1.05 prepolymer synthesis.
E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, e emi ana ka resilience me ka emi ʻana o ka mahana a hiki i kahi mahana, a laila piʻi wikiwiki ka elasticity. ʻO kēia mahana ka mahana crystallization māhele palupalu, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke ʻano o ka macromolecular diol a haʻahaʻa no ka polyether. TPU ma mua o ka polyester TPU. Ma nā mahana ma lalo o ka mahana crystallization, lilo ke kino elastic i mea paʻakikī a nalowale kona elasticity, no laila ua like ka resilience me ka rebounding mai kahi ʻili metala paʻa.
ʻO 3.Hardness ka laulā ʻo Shore A60 ~ D80
ʻO ka paʻakikī kahi hōʻailona o ka hiki o kahi mea ke pale i ka deformation, scratches, a me nā abrasions.
TPU Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka paʻakikī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hōʻike paʻakikī Shore A a me Shore D, me Shore A i hoʻohana ʻia no ka palupalu TPU a me Shore D i hoʻohana no ka paʻakikī TPU.
No ka paakiki o TPU hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ratio o nā ʻāpana palupalu a paʻakikī, TPU Loaʻa i kahi ākea ākea ākea, me kahi ʻano paʻakikī o Shore A60 ~ D80, e hoʻopili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka lāʻau a me ka plastic, a me ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe ma ka pae paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa.
Me nā hoʻololi i ka paʻakikī, kekahi mau waiwai o TPU e loli. No ka laʻana, hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o TPU e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka modulus tensile a me ka ikaika o ka waimaka, hoʻonui i ka rigidity a me ke koʻikoʻi compressive (ka hiki ke hoʻouka), hoʻemi ʻia ka elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa.
Ka Hoʻohana o TPU
I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Goodrich Chemicals (i kēia manawa ʻo Lubrizol). TPU inoa inoa ʻo Estane, a mai ia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau inoa inoa o TPU ua puka mai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā makahiki he 40 i hala iho nei, me ka nui o nā huahana no kēlā me kēia brand. Ma ke ʻano he elastomer hana kiʻekiʻe, TPU loaʻa ka laulā o nā noi huahana lalo, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
1. kāmaʻa lole wāwae
TPU hoʻohana ʻia i nā kāmaʻa ma muli o kona elasticity maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. Loaʻa nā huahana kāmaʻa TPU ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lole ma mua o nā huahana kāmaʻa maʻamau, a no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kekahi mau haʻuki a me nā kāmaʻa maʻamau.
2. Hose
TPU Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hoses ma Kina ma ke ʻano he kinoea a me ka ʻaila no nā mokulele, nā pahu, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā mea hana mīkini, a me nā mea hana mīkini ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou maʻalahi, ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa hopena, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.
3. Nā kaula uila
TPU hāʻawi i ka pale waimaka, ke kūpale ʻaʻahu, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kulou, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he kumu nui i ka hana ʻana o ke kaula. No laila, ma ka mākeke Kina, TPU hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaula kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaula hoʻomalu a me nā kaula mana e pale i nā mea uhi o nā hoʻolālā uea paʻakikī, a ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ka hoʻohana ʻana.
4. Lapaau Lapaau
TPU he palekana, kūpaʻa, a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe PVC mea pani i loaʻa ʻole nā mea kemika ʻino e like me ka phthalates, a ʻaʻole hoʻopuka i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻololi ʻia i ke koko a i ʻole nā wai ʻē aʻe i loko o nā catheters olakino a i ʻole ʻeke lapaʻau. Hoʻolālā kūikawā i ka extrusion a me ka helu injection TPU hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi me nā mea i loaʻa PVC nā mea hana me nā hoʻololi iki.
