ʻO nā ʻano nylon (polyamide) a me ka hoʻolauna noi

1. ʻO ka polyamide resin (polyamide), i kapa ʻia ʻo PA, i kapa ʻia ʻo Nylon

2. ʻO ke ʻano inoa nui: e like me ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona i kēlā me kēia repepūʻulu amide. ʻO ka huahelu mua o ka nomenclature e pili ana i ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona o ka diamine, a ʻo ka helu ma lalo e pili ana i ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona o ka waikawa dicarboxylic.

3. Nā ʻano o ka nylon:

3.1 Nylon-6 (PA6)

ʻO Nylon-6, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyamide-6, he polycaprolactam. ʻO ka resin keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo translucent a i ʻole opaque.

3.2 Nylon-66 (PA66)

ʻO Nylon-66, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyamide-66, he polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Nylon-1010 (PA1010)

ʻO Nylon-1010, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-1010, he polyseramide. Hana ʻia ʻo Nylon-1010 i ka ʻaila castor ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i koʻu ʻāina. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona nui loa ʻo ia ka ductility kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka 3 a 4 mau manawa o ka lōʻihi kumu, a he ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole brittle ma -60 ° C.

3.4 Nylon-610 (PA-610)

ʻO Nylon-610, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-610, he polyhexamethylene diamide. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo translucent. Aia kona ikaika ma waena o nylon-6 a me ka nylon-66. ʻO ka umekaumaha liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, haʻahaʻa crystallinity, liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka wai a me ka haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi, hoʻopau iā ia iho. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana plastik pololei, nā paipu aila, nā ipu, nā kaula, nā kāʻei conveyor, nā bearings, gaskets, insulating mea i loko o ka uila a me ka uila a me nā hale mea kani.

3.5 Nylon-612 (PA-612)

ʻO Nylon-612, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyamide-612, he polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. ʻO Nylon-612 kahi ʻano nylon me ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. He haʻahaʻa kona wahi heheʻe ma mua o PA66 a ʻoi aku ka palupalu. Ua like kona kūpaʻa wela me ka PA6, akā he maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wai. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana he monofilament bristles no nā pulupulu niho.

3.6 Nylon-11 (PA-11)

ʻO Nylon-11, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-11, he polyundecalactam. Keʻokeʻo translucent kino. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi he haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a me ka wela kaʻina hana ākea, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka maʻalahi hiki ke mālama ʻia ma -40 ° C a 120 ° C. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka pipeline aila kaʻa, ka hose ʻōnaehana brake, ka uhi ʻana i ke kaula fiber optical, ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, etc.

3.7 Nylon-12 (PA-12)

ʻO Nylon-12, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-12, he polydodecamide. Ua like ia me Nylon-11, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, helu heheʻe, a me ka hoʻoheheʻe wai ma mua o Nylon-11. No ka mea he nui ka nui o ka mea paʻakikī, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka polyamide a me ka polyolefin. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe decomposition wela, haʻahaʻa wai absorption a maikaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kū'ē. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o nā paipu wahie kaʻa, nā panela mea kani, nā pedal accelerator, nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe, nā ʻāpana kani ʻana o nā mea uila, a me nā kaula uwea.

3.8 Nylon-46 (PA-46)

ʻO Nylon-46, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyamide-46, he polybutylene adipamide. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka rigidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻenekini kaʻa a me nā ʻāpana peripheral, e like me ke poʻo cylinder, base cylinder oil, uhi sila ʻaila, hoʻouna.

I ka ʻoihana uila, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā contactors, sockets, coil bobbins, switch a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka pale wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa luhi.

3.9 Nylon-6T (PA-6T)

ʻO Nylon-6T, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-6T, he polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe (ʻo 370 ° C ka helu hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo ka mahana hoʻololi aniani he 180 ° C, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma 200 ° C), ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka nui paʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa wili maikaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana kaʻa, uhi ʻaila ʻaila, kānana ea, nā ʻāpana uila wela e like me ka uea harness terminal board, fuse, etc.

3.10 Nylon-9T (PA-9T)

ʻO Nylon-9T, i ʻike ʻia he polyamide-6T, he polynonanediamide terephthalamide. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi: ka haʻahaʻa wai haʻahaʻa, ka wai absorption rate o 0.17%; maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa wela (ʻo 308 ° C ka helu hoʻoheheʻe, ʻo ka mahana hoʻololi aniani he 126 ° C), a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe e like me 290 ° C. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila, nā mea uila, nā lako ʻike a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa.

3.11 Nailona alohilohi (semi-aromatic nylon)

He polyamide amorphous me ka inoa kemika: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. ʻO ka transmittance o ke kukui ʻike ʻia ʻo 85% a 90%. Kāohi ia i ka crystallization o ka nylon ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana me ka copolymerization a me nā pale steric i ka ʻāpana nylon, a laila e hana ana i kahi ʻano amorphous a paʻakikī hoʻi, e mālama ana i ka ikaika mua a me ka paʻakikī o ka nylon, a loaʻa i nā huahana mānoanoa. ʻO nā waiwai mechanical, nā waiwai uila, ka ikaika mechanical a me ka rigidity o ka nylon transparent ua aneane like me ka PC a me ka polysulfone.

3.12 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (ʻaʻala naylon i hoʻopau ʻia e like me PPA)

ʻO ka Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) he polymer koʻikoʻi loa me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka symmetry a me ka maʻamau i kona ʻano mole, a me nā paʻa hydrogen ikaika ma waena o nā kaulahao macromolecular. ʻO ka polymer nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi thermal shrinkage, a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka dimensional maikaʻi, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā fibers kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-modulus (ka inoa kālepa fiber o DuPont DUPONT: ʻO Kevlar, ʻo ia ka lole pale pale kaua).

3.13 Monomer cast nylon (monomer cast Nylon i kapa ʻia ʻo MC nylon)

ʻO MC nylon kahi ʻano nylon-6. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nylon maʻamau, loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona penei:

A. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical: ʻO ke kaumaha o ka molecular pili o MC nylon he pālua ia o ka nylon maʻamau (10000-40000), e pili ana i 35000-70000, no laila he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī maikaʻi, kūʻē i ka hopena, kūpaʻa luhi a me ke kūpaʻa creep maikaʻi. .

B. Loaʻa i kekahi leo absorption: MC nylon he leo absorption hana, a he 'ano waiwai a me ka pono mea no ka pale ana mechanical walaʻauʻana, e like me ka hana ana me ia.

C. ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi: ʻAʻole hana nā huahana MC nylon i ka deformation mau loa i ka wā e kulou ai, a mālama i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi no nā kūlana e pili ana i nā ukana hopena kiʻekiʻe.

D. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana a me nā waiwai lubricating;

E. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe;

F. He 2 a 2.5 manawa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai ma mua o ka nylon maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka wai absorption wikiwiki, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka huahana ma mua o ka nylon maʻamau;

G. He mea maʻalahi ka hanaʻana i nā mea hana hana a me nā poni. Hiki ke hoʻolei pololei ʻia a hana ʻia paha e ka ʻoki ʻana, kūpono loa no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā huahana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i paʻakikī i nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe injection e hana.

3.14 Nailon i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (RIM Nylon)

ʻO RIM nylon kahi copolymer poloka o nylon-6 a me ka polyether. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka polyether e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka RIM nylon, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, a me ka hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mahana baking i ka wā pena.

3.15 IPN nylon

Ua like ka IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) nylon me ka nylon maʻamau, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pae like ʻole e pili ana i ka ikaika o ka hopena, ka pale ʻana i ka wela, ka lubricity a me ka hiki ke hana. ʻO ka IPN nylon resin he pellet i hui ʻia me ka resin nylon a me nā pellets i loaʻa ka resin silicone me nā hui hana vinyl a i ʻole nā ​​hui hana alkyl. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ʻelua mau pūʻulu hana like ʻole ma ka resin silicone e hana i ka hopena cross-linking e hana i kahi resin silicone kaumaha nui-kiʻekiʻe o ka IPN, kahi i hana ʻia i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional i loko o ka resin nylon kumu. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻāpana, a e hoʻomau ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i ka crosslink i ka wā mālama a hiki i ka pau ʻana.

3.16 Naila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia

Hoʻopiha ʻia ka nylon electroplated me nā mea hoʻopihapiha mineral a he ikaika maikaʻi loa, rigidity, pale wela a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional. He like kona helehelena me ka ABS electroplated, akā ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ABS electroplated i ka hana.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana electroplating o ka nylon ka mea like me ka ABS, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka ʻili o ka huahana e ka mālama kemika (kaʻina etching), a laila hoʻopili ʻia ka catalyst a hoʻemi ʻia (catalytic process), a laila kemika. hana ʻia ka electroplating a me ka electroplating e hana i ke keleawe, nickel, Metals e like me ka chromium e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni paʻa, ʻaʻahu, paʻakikī a conductive ma ka ʻili o ka huahana.

3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide i kapa ʻia ʻo PI)

ʻO ka Polyimide (PI) he polymer i loaʻa nā pūʻulu imide ma ke kaulahao nui. He kiʻekiʻe ka wela a me ka pale radiation. Loaʻa iā ia ka non-combustibility, hoʻopaʻa kūʻē a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional maikaʻi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Ka wahine ʻilihune.

Aliphatic polyimide (PI): maikaʻi ʻole;

Aromatic polyimide (PI): pono (no ka PI aromatic ka hoʻolauna ma lalo nei).

A. PI wela pale: decomposition wela 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃

(Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke mālama i nā waiwai kino like ʻole i kahi manawa pōkole ma 555 ° C, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma 333 ° C);

B. ʻAʻole kūʻē ka PI i ka wela haʻahaʻa loa: ʻaʻole ia e haki i ka nitrogen wai ma -269°C;

C. PI ikaika mechanical: Unreinforced elastic modulus: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber i hoʻoikaikaʻia: 200 GPa; ma luna o 260 ° C, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻololi tensile ma mua o ka alumini;

ʻO D. PI radiation resistance: kūpaʻa ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka māhu a me ka radiation, me ka mea liʻiliʻi. Ka nui o ka paʻa ikaika ma hope o ka irradiation;

E. PI dielectric waiwai:

a. Dielectric mau: 3.4

b. Dielectric poho: 10-3

c. Ka ikaika dielectric: 100 ~ 300KV / mm

d. Ka nui o ka pale ʻana: 1017

F, PI creep resistance: ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka holo ʻana ma mua o ka alumini;

G. Friction hana: I ka wa PI VS metala hamo aku i kekahi i kekahi i loko o kahi maloʻo mokuʻāina, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka friction ili a pāʻani i ka pono-lubricating kuleana, a me ka coefficient o dynamic friction kokoke loa i ka coefficient o static friction, ka mea. hiki ke pale i ka kolo.

H. Nā pōʻino: ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, e kaupalena ana i ka noi ma nā ʻoihana kīwila maʻamau.

Loaʻa i nā polyamide a pau ke ʻano o ka hygroscopicity. Hana ka wai ma ke ʻano he plasticizer i nā polyamides. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, e emi ana ka hapa nui o nā waiwai mechanical a me nā uila, akā hoʻonui ka paʻakikī a me ka elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha.

ʻO nā ʻano nylon (polyamide) a me ka hoʻolauna noi