Kusiyana kwa LDPE, HDPE, ndi LLDPE
Polyethylene ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zisanu zopangira utomoni, ndipo China pakadali pano ndiyogulitsa kunja komanso yachiwiri pakukula kwa polyethylene. Polyethylene imagawidwa m'magulu atatu a polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene yotsika (LDPE), polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LLDPE).
Kuyerekeza kwa zinthu za HDPE, LDPE ndi LLDPE
| HDPE | LDPE | LLDPE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fungo kawopsedwe | Zopanda poizoni, zosakoma, zopanda fungo | Zopanda poizoni, zosakoma, zopanda fungo | Zopanda poizoni, zosakoma, zopanda fungo |
| kachulukidwe | 0.940 ~ 0.976gcm3 | 0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm3 | 0.915 ~ 0.935g/cm3 |
| Tinthu | 85-65% | 45-65% | 55-65% |
| Mapangidwe a maselo | Muli ma bond a carbon-carbon ndi carbon-hydrogen okha, omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti athyoke | Ma polima ali ndi kulemera kochepa kwa maselo ndipo amafuna mphamvu zochepa kuti athyoke | Imakhala ndi mizere yocheperako, maunyolo a nthambi, ndi unyolo waufupi, ndipo imafunikira mphamvu zochepa kuti ithyoke. |
| kufewetsa mfundo | 125-135 ℃ | 90-100 ℃ | 94-108 ℃ |
| Makhalidwe | Mphamvu yayikulu, kulimba kwabwino, kulimba kolimba | Osauka makina mphamvu | Mphamvu yayikulu, kulimba kwabwino, kulimba kolimba |
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | mkulu | Low | Apamwamba |
| Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yopuma | Apamwamba | Low | mkulu |
| Mphamvu | Apamwamba | Low | mkulu |
| Kuchita kosakwanira kwa chinyezi komanso madzi | Kuthekera kwamadzi, mpweya wamadzi ndi mpweya, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, komanso anti-permeability | Kusakwanira kwa chinyezi ndi zotchinga mpweya | Kuthekera kwamadzi, mpweya wamadzi ndi mpweya, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, komanso anti-permeability |
| Acid, alkali, dzimbiri, organic solvent resistance | Kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri ndi ma okosijeni amphamvu; kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi, alkali ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana; osasungunuka mu organic solvents, etc. | Imalimbana ndi dzimbiri ya asidi, alkali ndi mchere, koma kukana kwa zosungunulira | Kugonjetsedwa ndi zidulo, alkalis, ndi organic solvents |
| Kusamva kutentha/kuzizira | Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira kozizira, ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda komanso ngakhale kutentha kwa -40F. Iwo ali kwambiri zimakhudza kukana ndi otsika kutentha kwake embrittlement kutentha ndi | Low kutentha kukana, otsika kutentha embrittlement kutentha | Good kutentha kukana ndi kuzizira ozizira, otsika kutentha embrittlement kutentha |
| Kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe | zabwino | bwino | zabwino |
Polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri
HDPE ndi yopanda poizoni, yosakoma, yopanda fungo, ndipo imakhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 0.940 ~ 0.976g/cm3, yomwe imapangidwa ndi polymerization pansi pazifukwa zotsika pansi pa catalysis ya Ziegler chothandizira, motero polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri imadziwikanso kuti kutsika kwamphamvu. polyethylene.
ubwino:
HDPE ndi utomoni wopanda polar thermoplastic wokhala ndi kristalo wapamwamba wopangidwa ndi ethylene copolymerization. Maonekedwe a HDPE yoyambirira ndi yoyera ngati yamkaka, ndipo imawonekera pang'onopang'ono m'gawo lochepa. Iwo ali kwambiri kukana mankhwala ambiri apakhomo ndi mafakitale, ndipo akhoza kukana dzimbiri ndi kusungunuka kwa okosijeni wamphamvu (anayikira nitric asidi), asidi ndi mchere mchere ndi organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride). Polima sichimamwa chinyezi ndipo imakhala ndi madzi abwino kukana nthunzi, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chinyezi ndi kuteteza madzi.
kuipa:
Choyipa chake ndi chakuti kukana kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe sikuli bwino monga LDPE, makamaka kutentha kwa okosijeni kudzachepetsa ntchito yake, choncho polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri imawonjezera antioxidants ndi ultraviolet absorbers kuti apititse patsogolo zofooka zake popanga mpukutu wa pulasitiki.
Peso Lachulukidwe Polyethylene
LDPE ndi yopanda poizoni, yosakoma, yopanda fungo, ndipo imakhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 0.910 ~ 0.940g/cm3. Ndi polymerized ndi okosijeni kapena organic peroxide monga chothandizira pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa 100 ~ 300MPa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri.
ubwino:
Low density polyethylene ndi mtundu wopepuka kwambiri wa utomoni wa polyethylene. Poyerekeza ndi polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri, crystallinity yake (55% -65%) ndi malo ochepetsetsa (90-100 ℃) ndi otsika. Ili ndi kufewa kwabwino, kufalikira, kuwonekera, kukana kuzizira komanso kutheka. Kukhazikika kwake kwamankhwala ndikwabwino, kumatha kupirira asidi, alkali ndi njira yamadzi yamchere yamchere; Kusungunula kwabwino kwamagetsi ndi mpweya wokwanira; Kutsika kwa madzi; Zosavuta kuwotcha. Katunduyo ndi wofewa, ndi extensibility wabwino, kutchinjiriza magetsi, bata mankhwala, processing ntchito ndi otsika kutentha kukana (kukana -70 ℃).
kuipa:
Choyipa chake ndi chakuti mphamvu zake zamakina, kutchinjiriza chinyezi, kutsekereza gasi ndi kukana zosungunulira ndizosauka. Mapangidwe a mamolekyu siwokhazikika mokwanira, crystallinity (55% -65%) ndi yotsika, ndipo malo osungunuka a crystallization (108-126 ℃) nawonso ndi otsika. Mphamvu zake zamakina ndizochepa kuposa za polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri, anti-seepage coefficient, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kukalamba ndi osauka, ndipo n'zosavuta kuwola ndi kutayika pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito, motero polyethylene yotsika kwambiri imawonjezera ma antioxidants ndi ma ultraviolet absorbers kuti apititse patsogolo zofooka zake popanga mapepala apulasitiki.
Linear Low Density Polyethylene
LLDPE ndi yopanda poizoni, yosakoma, yopanda fungo, ndipo imakhala ndi kachulukidwe pakati pa 0.915 ndi 0.935g/cm3. Ndi copolymer wa ethylene ndi pang'ono wapamwamba alpha-olefin (monga butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, tetrmethylpentene-1, etc.) polymerized pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kapena kutsika kwapansi pansi pa chothandizira chothandizira. . Mapangidwe a maselo a LLDPE ochiritsira amadziwika ndi msana wake wozungulira, wokhala ndi maunyolo ochepa kapena opanda utali wautali, koma amakhala ndi maunyolo amfupi a nthambi. Kusowa kwa maunyolo a nthambi zazitali kumapangitsa kuti polima ikhale yowala kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi LDPE, LLDPE ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwabwino, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, kukana kutentha, kukana kuzizira, etc., komanso kukana bwino kusokoneza chilengedwe kupsinjika maganizo, kung'amba mphamvu ndi zinthu zina, ndipo zimatha kukana asidi, alkali, organic solvents ndi zina zotero.
Njira yosiyanitsa
LDPE: Kuzindikiritsa zomverera: kumva mofewa; Zoyera zimawonekera, koma kuwonekera ndi pafupifupi. Chizindikiritso cha kuyaka: moto woyaka moto wachikasu ndi buluu; Mukawotcha opanda utsi, pali fungo la parafini, kusungunula kusungunuka, kosavuta kujambula waya.
LLDPE: LLDPE imatha kutupa ikakumana ndi benzene kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo imatha kugundana ndi HCL kwa nthawi yayitali.
HDPE: Kutentha kwa LDPE ndikotsika, pafupifupi madigiri 160, ndipo kachulukidwe ndi 0.918 mpaka 0.932 magalamu / kiyubiki centimita. HDPE processing kutentha ndi apamwamba, pafupifupi madigiri 180, kachulukidwe ndi apamwamba.
Chidule
Mwachidule, mitundu itatu ya zida zomwe zili pamwambazi zimagwira ntchito zake zofunika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uinjiniya wopewera madzi. HDPE, LDPE ndi LLDPE mitundu itatu ya zipangizo ndi kutchinjiriza wabwino ndi chinyezi-umboni, impermeability, sanali poizoni, zoipa, odorless ntchito kumapangitsa mu ulimi, aquaculture, nyanja yokumba, madamu, mitsinje ntchito ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo ndi Utumiki. of Agriculture of China Fisheries Bureau, Shanghai Academy of Fisheries Science, Institute of fishery machinery ndi zida zolimbikitsira ndi kufalitsa ntchito.
M'malo apakati a asidi amphamvu, ma alkali amphamvu, oxidants amphamvu ndi zosungunulira organic, zinthu zakuthupi za HDPE ndi LLDPE zitha kuseweredwa bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka HDPE ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zida ziwirizi pokana kukana ma acid amphamvu, amphamvu. alkalis, amphamvu makutidwe ndi okosijeni katundu ndi kukana zosungunulira organic. Chifukwa chake, HDPE anti-corrosion coil yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira mumakampani opanga mankhwala komanso makampani oteteza zachilengedwe.
LDPE ilinso ndi asidi wabwino, zamchere, makhalidwe a mchere, ndipo ali extensibility wabwino, kutchinjiriza magetsi, kukhazikika mankhwala, processing ntchito ndi kukana otsika kutentha, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi, kusunga madzi aquaculture, ma CD, makamaka otsika kutentha ma CD ndi zipangizo chingwe.
