Phunzirani pa zokutira za Polyethylene Powder za Mabokosi a Battery

Kudalirika

Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zokutira za polyethylene za mabokosi a batri idapangidwa kudzera mu kusintha kosakaniza kwa polyethylene yokhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi, makhalidwe a makina, ndi kukana kwa asidi kwa mafilimu okutira a zokutira za polyethylene powder zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza, njira yopangira zokutira za polyethylene powder yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri idafufuzidwa. Chophimba cha polyethylene powder chokonzedwacho chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukweza pamwamba pa mabokosi a batri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a makina komanso kukana mankhwala, zomwe zingathandize bwino moyo wa ntchito ya mabokosi a batri.

Keywords

Bokosi la batri; Polyethylene; Kuphatikiza; Zovala zaufa
Gulu kodi: TQ637.82
Document kodi: A

1 Introduction

Ndi zofunika zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuwongolera kutulutsa mpweya komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kwakhala zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zoteteza chilengedwe [1].

Magalimoto amtundu wamafuta nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyambira kale ngati gwero lamagetsi, ndipo choyipa chawo chachikulu ndicho kutulutsa mpweya wochulukirapo, womwe umaipitsa kwambiri chilengedwe. Mosiyana ndi izi, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire osungira ngati mphamvu zokokera sizitulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndipo sizikuwononga mlengalenga, motero amakondedwa kwambiri ndi msika [2].

Pa moyo wautumiki wa mabokosi a batri a mafakitale, amachotsedwa ndi asidi a batri, omwe amafulumizitsa dzimbiri ndi kulephera kwa mabokosi. Chifukwa chake, anti-corrosion ya mabokosi a batri nthawi zonse yakhala mutu wofufuza wotentha. Mabokosi a batire a mafakitale nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, chomwe sichikhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa dzimbiri [3].

Chifukwa chake, pokhapokha pochita chithandizo chapamwamba pamakoma amkati ndi akunja a mabokosi omwe amatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito awo odana ndi dzimbiri. Ukadaulo waukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza wa anti-corrosion pabokosi pamwamba pa bokosilo, ndipo chophimbacho chimafunika kuti sichingokana kukokoloka kwa asidi komanso kumamatira kwambiri ku gawo lapansi.

Zophimba za ufa wa polyethylene nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi utomoni wa polyethylene, zowonjezera, zodzaza, utoto, ndi zina zotero. Ndi zophimba za ufa wa thermoplastic zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Poganizira zofunikira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zamabokosi a batri, komanso zofunikira pakuwoneka ndi mtengo, zokutira za polyethylene ufa ndi njira yothanirana ndi chuma yothana ndi dzimbiri. Komabe, pali kutsutsana pakati pa mphamvu zamakina ndi fluidity ya polyethylene. Zovala za polyethylene ufa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti zikhale ndi madzi abwino kwambiri komanso zida zamakina, chifukwa chake ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zokutira zamabokosi a batri. Mu phunziro ili, pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kusinthidwa kwa polyethylene ndi katundu wosiyana, chophimba cha polyethylene ufa wa mabokosi a batri chinapangidwa. Chophimba ichi chimakhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina, kukana kwamankhwala, kumamatira kwambiri, komanso kusanja bwino pamwamba.

2 Gawo Loyesera

2.1 Zida Zopangira Zoyeserera ndi Zida

2.1.1 Zida Zosakaniza

• Polyethylene (PE-A, PE-B, PE-C): Sinopec;
• Polyethylene (PE-D): Dow Chemical;
• Polyethylene (PE-E): Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., Japan;
• Polyethylene zomatira (MAH-g-PE): Chitsanzo SZ-07, Huangshan Beno Technology;
• Antioxidant: Model K7001, Luan JIENT;
• Kuwala kokhazikika: Model UV531, BASF;
• Polyethylene sera otaya wothandizila: Shanghai Additive Factory;
• Nucleating wothandizira: Model Hyperform HPN-20E, Milliken Chemical, USA;
• Pigment mpweya wakuda: Model R600R, Cabot.

Zida 2.1.2

• Twin-screw extruder: Model T-35, Nanjing Rub Machine, Ltd.;
• Mbale vulcanizing makina: Model XLB-D, Huzhou Shyn Machinery Co., Ltd.;
• Environmental stress cracking tester: Model NYK-06, ChengdeTesting Equipment Co., Ltd.;
• Universal kuyezetsa makina apulasitiki: Model WDS-3, Boyi InstruEquipment Co., Ltd.

2.2 Njira Zoyesera

2.2.1 Kukonza zokutira Ufa

Zida zopangira zidayesedwa molingana ndi chilinganizo chomwe chili mu Gulu 1 ndikuwonjezeredwa ku chosakaniza kuti chisakanize mwachangu. Chosakanizacho chinawonjezeredwa ku mapasa-screw extruder kuti asungunuke granulation pa 160 ° C. Ma granules amaikidwa mu mphero kuti aphwanyidwe kukhala ufa, kenako ndikugawaniza ndi kusefa.

Table 1 Fomula ya Polyethylene Powder Coating

2.2.2 Kukonza zokutira

Njira yothira bedi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi inagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene pamwamba pa mabokosi a batri. Pamwamba pa bokosi la batri poyamba panaphwanyidwa mchenga, kenako panatenthedwa kufika madigiri 250-350 mu uvuni. Pambuyo pake, zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira bedi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndipo zinapangidwa kuti zipangidwe pulasitiki pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotsala kwa chinthu chogwirira ntchito kapena poziyika mu uvuni.

2.2.3 Kukonzekera Zitsanzo Zoyezetsa Ntchito

Zitsanzo zoyesa makina a polyethylene ufa zidakonzedwa ndi kuponderezedwa.

2.3 Kuyesa Kuchita

• Kusungunuka kwa madzi osungunuka (MFR) a zokutira za polyethylene powder anayesedwa malinga ndi GB / T 3682-2018;
• Kusokonezeka kwa chilengedwe (ESC) ntchito ya zokutira za polyethylene powder inayesedwa malinga ndi GB / T 1842-2008;
• Zomwe zimapangidwira za zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene zinayesedwa malinga ndi GB / T 1040.2-2018;
• Kukaniza kwa asidi wa zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito 30% (gawo la misa) yankho la sulfuric acid malinga ndi GB/T 11547-2008;
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene kunayesedwa malinga ndi GB/T 9286-2008.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zogwirira ntchito za zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene zamabokosi a batri zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.

Table 2 Zizindikiro Zazikulu Zakugwiritsidwira Ntchito Kwa Zokutira Polyethylene M'mabokosi A Battery

3 Zotsatira ndi Zokambirana

3.1 Kusanthula Kachitidwe ka Polyethylene

Kusanthula magawo a magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polyethylene ndikofunikira popanga chilinganizo cha zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene. Mu phunziroli, mitundu 5 yosiyanasiyana ya polyethylene idasankhidwa ngati zida zopangira zokutira ufa, ndipo katundu wawo adayesedwa molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera. Zotsatira zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3.

Monga tikuwonera mu Table 3, PE-A ndi PE-B ali ndi milingo yosungunuka kwambiri yosungunuka, kotero amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukweza pamwamba pa zokutira. Komabe, kulimba kwa PE-A ndi PE-B ndikocheperako. Kutalikirana kwa nthawi yopuma kwa PE-A ndi 100% yokha, ndipo nthawi yake yolimbana ndi kupsinjika ndi 1 h, kotero sikungakwaniritse zofunikira zamakina za zokutira bokosi la batri. PE-C ndi mzere wa polyethylene wocheperako wocheperako womwe umasungunuka pang'ono, womwe umatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zokutira wamba, koma kulimba kwake nakonso kumakhala koyipa. Onse PE-D ndi PE-E ndi metallocene linear low-kachulukidwe polyethylene, ndipo onse ali ndi kulimba kwambiri ndi kulimba mphamvu. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti PE-E ili ndi index yotsika kwambiri yosungunuka, yomwe siyingakwaniritse zofunikira zowoneka bwino.

Table 3 Katundu wa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Polyethylene

3.2 Kusankha ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Polyethylene

The melt flow rate (MFR) wa polyethylene ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza fluidity wa polyethylene mu otentha-kusungunuka, ndipo pamlingo wakutiwakuti amaimira kuyatsa zotsatira za zokutira polyethylene. Nthawi zambiri, kukwezeka kwa mtengo wa MFR, kumapangitsanso kuyanika kwabwinoko. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa MFR kumapangitsa kuti polyethylene ikhale yotsika kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zake zamakina zimakhala zoipitsitsa. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za fluidity ndi makina nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwanso ndi zotsatira zoyesa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3. Ngati polyethylene yokhala ndi katundu wosiyana imasakanizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kuti chisakanizocho chikhale ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za fluidity ndi makina, zongopeka, zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene ndi katundu wokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zikhoza kukonzekera.

Table 4 Zosiyanasiyana Zosakaniza Zosakaniza

 Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku Table 3 kuti PE-A ndi PE-B zonse zimakhala ndi kusungunuka kwapamwamba kwambiri, koma PE-B imakhala yolimba kwambiri, kotero PE-B ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matrix kuti apititse patsogolo madzi osakaniza; PE-D ndi PE-E ali ndi zida zabwino zamakina ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamatrix kuti apititse patsogolo makina osakaniza. Komabe, PE-E ili ndi kutsika kwamadzi osungunuka, kotero sikoyenera ngati chinthu cha matrix. Pakuti polyethylene ndi lalikulu pafupifupi wachibale maselo misa, monga PE-E, unyolo entanglement kachulukidwe ndi mkulu ndi otaya mlingo ndi otsika. Komabe, ikagwidwa ndi katundu wakunja, njira yake yobweretsera imakhala makamaka kumeta ubweya, ndipo kutuluka kwa maselo sikophweka, kotero kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba [6]. Chifukwa chake, PE-B ndi Pe-D zidasakanizidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti zikonzekeretse polyethylene yosinthidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yogwirizanitsa pakati pa polyethylene powder yokutira ndi gawo lapansi la bokosi la batri, zomatira za polyethylene (MAH-g-PE) ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Zomatira za polyethylene ndi zomangira zomwe zimakonzedwa ndikulumikiza maleic anhydride pa polyethylene. Pomaliza, njira 6 zophatikizira zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 4.

3.3 Kusanthula Kwamagwiridwe Kwa Zopaka Powder za Polyethylene

Pamaziko a Table 1, molingana ndi ndondomeko zosakaniza mu Table 4, zipangizo zinasakanizidwa, zowonjezera, ndi kuphwanyidwa kuti zikonzekere zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene. Kusungunuka kwamadzimadzi, mphamvu zowonongeka, kukana kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kukana kwa asidi wa zokutira za ufa zinayesedwa mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko. Zotsatira zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 5.

Table 5 Zotsatira Zoyesa Zoyeserera Zosiyanasiyana Zophatikiza

Monga momwe tawonera mu Table 5, kusungunuka kwa madzi osakaniza kumachepa mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la PE-D. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa pamene PE-B (yomwe ili ndi ma molekyulu otsika) imasakanizidwa ndi PE-D (yokhala ndi ma molekyulu apamwamba) ndi kusungunula-kutulutsidwa ndi extruder, maunyolo aatali a molekyulu amakulunga maunyolo afupiafupi a maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwachangu kusungunuke. Choncho, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa polyethylene ndi otsika fluidity ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa fluidity wa osakaniza, ndi kuganizira mwapadera ayenera kuperekedwa kwa kuchuluka kwake kuwonjezera pamene akupanga chilinganizo cha zokutira wosakaniza polyethylene ufa. Kuchokera kumbali ina, madzi amadzimadzi a PE-D (polyethylene okhala ndi madzi otsika) amathanso kusintha kwambiri atasakanizidwa ndi PE-B (polyethylene yokhala ndi madzi ambiri). Izi ndichifukwa choti polyethylene yokhala ndi maunyolo amfupi a maselo amatha kulowetsedwa mu polyethylene yokhala ndi unyolo wautali wa maselo, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosanjikiza, potero kufooketsa kutsekeka kwa unyolo wa maselo. Zosintha zoyenda za polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri yama cell molekyulu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kuti apititse patsogolo kutulutsa kwa polyethylene [7].

Zitha kupezekanso kuchokera ku Table 5 kuti mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi elongation pakupuma kwa zokutira zosakaniza za polyethylene ufa pang'onopang'ono zimawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa PE-D, kusonyeza kuti kugwirizana pakati pa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya polyethylene ndi yabwino. Izi makamaka chifukwa enthalpy ndi entropy makhalidwe a PE-B ndi PE-D ofanana, kotero palibe kwenikweni kusintha mu mphamvu yaulere ya osakaniza, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya polyethylene ndi mkulu. Poyerekeza ndi Scheme 1, Scheme 6 imakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi 2, ndipo kulimba kwa zokutira kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale kulimba kwa zokutira ndi kulimba kumakhala bwino kwambiri pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa PE-D, kuwongolera kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kutsika kwa liwiro losungunuka. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuphatikizika kwa PE-B kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma cell entanglement of PE-D, kupangitsa kuti unyolo wa mamolekyulu ukhale wowoneka bwino panthawi yotambasula, pomwe kumeta ubweya kumachepa.

Pa zokutira za polyethylene zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa bokosi la batri, kutulutsa kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi chamkati kuti chikhazikike ndikukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumapangidwa m'makona ang'onoang'ono kungayambitse kuyanika. Chifukwa chake, kukana kwapang'onopang'ono ndi gawo lofunikira poyezera moyo wautumiki wa zokutira. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe mu Table 5 kuti kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa polyethylene powder koti kumagwirizana ndi kulimba kwake, ndiko kuti, kukwezeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, kumakhala bwino kukana kupsinjika maganizo. PE-D imatha kusintha kwambiri kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwamafuta osakanikirana a polyethylene ufa.

Chophimba cha polyethylene cha mabokosi a batri chimawonongeka mosalekeza ndi asidi wa batri, motero chiyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa kukana kwa asidi mu Table 5 kuti pambuyo popaka polyethylene ufa wokonzedwa ndi Scheme 1 kumizidwa mu njira ya asidi, palibe thovu kapena kusungunuka, koma kutupa kwakukulu kumachitika, ndipo kalasi yomatira ❖ kuyanika ndi 5 yokha; Poyerekeza ndi Scheme 1, zokutira zomwe zakonzedwa ndi Scheme 2 zimakhala ndi kutupa pang'ono pambuyo poipitsidwa ndi njira ya asidi, ndipo kumamatira kumafika giredi 3; zokutira za polyethylene zokonzedwa ndi njira zina zilibe zochitika zodziŵika bwino za dzimbiri, ndipo zomatira zokutira zimatha kufika pamwamba pa kalasi ya 1. Metallocene PE-D yokha imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kwa mankhwala, kotero ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwake kowonjezera, ntchito yotsutsa-kudzimbirira ya zokutira imakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Kupyolera mu mayesero a ntchito ya zokutira za polyethylene ufa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zapangidwa pamwambapa, zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti zokutira za polyethylene za ufa wokonzedwa ndi Scheme 3 ndi Scheme 4 sizingokhala ndi madzi ambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi makina abwino kwambiri komanso odana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zokutira za ufa za mabokosi a batri. Nthawi zambiri, kusungunuka kwamphamvu kwa zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yabwino komanso zokutira zosalala. Pamene kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa zokutira za ufa wa polyethylene zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa 10 g/(10 min), zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba. Komabe, milingo yosungunuka ya Scheme 5 ndi Scheme 6 ndi yotsika kuposa 10 g/(10 min), kotero sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Ngakhale Scheme 1 ili ndi kusungunuka kwapamwamba kwambiri, mphamvu zake ndi kulimba kwake ndizochepa, ndipo zimalephera kuyesa kukana kwa asidi; Ndondomeko ya 2 ilibe kusintha koonekeratu muzinthu zamakina, ndipo kumamatira kumachepa pambuyo pa kumizidwa kwa asidi, kotero kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zomwe zofunikira zowoneka bwino zimafunika, koma zotsika zamakina ndi zofunikira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zimafunika.

4 Mapeto

Mu phunziro ili, mwa kusakaniza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene ndi katundu wosiyana, kusakanikirana kosiyana kosinthidwa kosinthidwa kwa ma polyethylene powder amachitidwe opangira ufa adapangidwa, ndipo machitidwe osiyanasiyana adayesedwa. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zokutira zaufa za polyethylene zomwe zidapangidwa molingana ndi Scheme 3 ndi Scheme 4 sizingangokwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo cha bokosi la batri, komanso zimakhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso ntchito zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Zotsatira zafukufuku zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha anti-corrosion cha mabokosi a batri, ndipo malingaliro ofufuza ali ndi kufunikira kotsogolera pakupanga kusintha kwa zokutira za polyethylene powder.

Zothandizira

[1] Ji Y. Msika wopaka ufa wa pakhomo umakula mofulumira [J]. Zambiri Zamakampani Omanga, 2003(10): 17.

[2] Li Z R. Kusanthula mwachidule za zovuta ndi zotsutsana ndi chitukuko cha galimoto yatsopano yamagetsi [J]. Dziko Lamagalimoto, 2020(4): 1.

[3] Lu J Q. Ukadaulo wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri wa mabokosi a mabatire a mafakitale [J]. Ukadaulo Wopanga Sitima, 2001 (4): 27-28.

[4] Yu GL, Wang ZH, Wang XK, et al. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zokutira zatsopano [J]. Kuphimba ndi Chitetezo, 2019, 40 (10): 49-52.

[5] Liu CQ, Cai Y M. Kafukufuku pa zokutira zapamwamba za polyethylene ufa [J]. Coating Technology, 1993(2): 4-7.

[6] Liao HY, Tao G L. Mphamvu zamphamvu ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi othamanga a polyethylene osakanikirana kwambiri [J]. Zazida za Polima Sayansi ndi Zomangamanga, 2013, 29(7): 72-75, 79.

[7] Wang S, Wang QZ, Chen Y, et al. Kafukufuku akupita patsogolo pakusintha kwamadzimadzi kwa onyamula ma polyethylene okwera kwambiri a molekyulu [J]. Ntchito ya Engineering Pulasitiki, 2014(10): 113-117.

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