Iimpawu kunye neentlobo zepolymer ye-thermoplastic
I-polymer ye-thermoplastic luhlobo lwe-polymer olubonakaliswa kukukwazi kwayo ukunyibilika ize iqine ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu kwiimpawu zayo zekhemikhali okanye iimpawu zokusebenza. Ii-polymer ze-thermoplastic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanya ukupakisha, iindawo zeemoto, izinto zombane, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, phakathi kwezinye.
Iipolymers ze-Thermoplastic zahlulwa kwezinye iindidi zeepolymers, ezinje nge-thermosetting polymers kunye ne-elastomers, ngokukwazi kwazo ukunyibilika kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaxesha amaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iipholima ze-thermoplastic zenziwe ngamatyathanga amade eemolekyuli ezibanjelwe kunye ngamandla angenamandla e-intermolecular. Xa ubushushu busetyenziselwa i-polymer ye-thermoplastic, le mikhosi ye-intermolecular iyancipha, ivumela amatyathanga ukuba ahambe ngokukhululekileyo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeepolima ze-thermoplastic kukuguquguquka kwazo. Zinokuqulunqwa ukuba zibe noluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zomzimba kunye noomatshini, kubandakanya ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, amandla, kunye nokumelana nobushushu, iikhemikhali, kunye nemitha ye-UV. Oku kubenza bafaneleke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ezifuna iimpawu ezithile zokusebenza.
Enye inzuzo yeepolima ze-thermoplastic kukulula kwazo ukusetyenzwa. Ngenxa yokuba zinokunyibilikiswa kwaye ziguqulwe amatyeli amaninzi, zinokubunjwa ngokulula zibe ziimilo ezintsonkothileyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule, njengokubumba inaliti, i-extrusion, ukubumba ukuvuthela, kunye ne-thermoforming. Oku kubenza ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwimveliso yobuninzi yamacandelo kunye namacandelo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeepolymers ze-thermoplastic, nganye ineseti yayo ekhethekileyo yeepropati kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ziquka:
- Polyethylene (PE): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswa ngokubanzi eyaziwayo ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuchasana neempembelelo kunye neekhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa, imibhobho, kunye nokugquma ucingo.
- Iipolypropylene (PP): Enye i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswa ngokubanzi eyaziwayo ngokuqina kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iinxalenye zeemoto, ukupakishwa, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Ipolima ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nomlilo kunye neekhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa imibhobho, ukugquma ucingo, kunye nomgangatho.
- I-Polystyrene (PS): Ipolymer ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngokucaca kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Isetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukupakishwa, iikomityi ezilahlwayo, kunye nokugquma.
- I-Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngokuba namandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nokushisa kunye neempembelelo. Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iinxalenye zemoto, iithoyi, kunye ne-elektroniki.
Ukongeza kwezi polymers ze-thermoplastic ziqhelekileyo, zininzi ezinye iindidi ezikhoyo, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya i-polycarbonate (PC), i-polyamide (PA), i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), kunye ne-fluoropolymers ezifana ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Lilonke, iipolima ze-thermoplastic lukhetho oluguquguqukayo nolunexabiso elisebenzayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukunyibilika kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaxesha amaninzi, kudibaniswa noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye noomatshini, benza ukuba babe yimpahla ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi.
