Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets

I-Thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets zimbini iindidi zeepolymers ezineempawu ezahlukileyo kunye nokuziphatha. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zibini zixhomekeke ekuphenduleni kwazo ukushisa kunye nokukwazi ukubunjwa kwakhona. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga umahluko phakathi kwe-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets ngokweenkcukacha.

Thermoplastics

I-Thermoplastics zi-polymers ezinokunyibilika kwaye zenziwe ngokutsha amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo lweekhemikhali. Zinesakhiwo somgca okanye esine-branched, kwaye amakhonkco abo e-polymer abanjwe kunye ne-intermolecular forces ebuthathaka. Xa ishushu, i-thermoplastics iyathamba kwaye ithambile ngakumbi, ivumela ukuba zibunjwe zibe ziimo ezahlukeneyo. Imizekelo ye-thermoplastics ibandakanya i-polyethylene, polypropylenekunye ne-polystyrene.

Impendulo kubushushu

I-Thermoplastics iyathamba xa ishushu kwaye inokubunjwa ngokutsha. Oku kungenxa yokuba amandla abuthathaka e-intermolecular abambe amakhonkco e-polymer kunye oyiswa bubushushu, okuvumela amatyathanga ukuba ahambe ngokukhululeka. Ngenxa yoko, i-thermoplastics inokunyibilika kwaye ihlaziywe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokwenza nayiphi na inguqu ebalulekileyo yeekhemikhali.

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona

I-Thermoplastics inokunyibilika kwaye yenziwe ngokutsha amaxesha amaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba amakhonkco e-polymer awabotshwanga ngokwekhemikhali omnye komnye, kwaye amandla e-intermolecular abambe kunye abuthathaka. Xa i-thermoplastic ipholile, amatyathanga aphinda aqiniswe, kwaye i-intermolecular forces iphinda imiswe.

Ulwakhiwo lweKhemikhali

I-Thermoplastics ine-linear okanye i-branched structure, kunye ne-intermolecular ebuthakathaka amandla abambe amakhonkco abo e-polymer kunye. Amatyathanga awabotshwanga ngokwekhemikhali omnye komnye, kwaye amandla e-intermolecular abuthathaka. Oku kuvumela amatyathanga ukuba ahambe ngokukhululekileyo xa eshushu, okwenza i-thermoplastic ibe lula.

Iimpahla zoMatshini

I-Thermoplastics ngokubanzi inamandla aphantsi kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa ne-thermosets. Oku kungenxa yokuba amakhonkco e-polymer awabotshwanga ngokwekhemikhali omnye komnye, kwaye amandla e-intermolecular abambe kunye abuthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, i-thermoplastics iguquguquka ngakumbi kwaye ine-modulus ephantsi ye-elasticity.

izicelo

I-Thermoplastics isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuguquguquka, njengezinto zokupakisha, imibhobho, iingubo ze-thermoplastic kunye namacandelo eemoto. Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukungafihli, njengokupakishwa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

Ithermosethi

Iipolymers ze-Thermoset zifumana ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngexesha lokunyanga, eziguqula ngokungenakujikwa zibe kwimeko eqinileyo, edibeneyo. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-crosslinking okanye ukunyanga, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa bubushushu, uxinzelelo, okanye ukongezwa kwe-arhente yokunyanga. Nje ukuba ziphilisiwe, i-thermosets ayinakunyibilika okanye iguqulwe kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthotywa okukhulu. Imizekelo ye-thermosets ibandakanya i-epoxy, i-phenolic, kunye ne-polyester resins.

Impendulo kubushushu

I-Thermosets ifumana ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngexesha lokunyanga, eziguqula ngokungenakuguqulwa zibe yimeko enzima, edibeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba azithambi xa zishushu kwaye azinakubunjwa kwakhona. Nje ukuba ziphilisiwe, ii-thermosets ziqina ngokusisigxina kwaye azikwazi ukunyibilika okanye ukubunjwa kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthotywa okukhulu.

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona

I-Thermosets ayinakuphinda inyibilike okanye yenziwe ngokutsha emva kokunyanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusabela kweekhemikhali okwenzeka ngexesha lokunyanga ngokungenakujikwa kuguqula amatyathanga epolymer ukuba abe lukhuni, aqhagamshelene. Xa sele iphilisiwe, i-thermoset yomelele ngokusisigxina kwaye ayinakunyibilika okanye iguqulwe kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthotywa okukhulu.

Ulwakhiwo lweKhemikhali

I-Thermosets inesakhiwo esinqamlezileyo, esinezibophelelo eziqinileyo ezidibeneyo phakathi kwamakhonkco e-polymer. Amatyathanga adityaniswe ngokwekhemikhali enye kwenye, kwaye amandla e-intermolecular abambe kunye anamandla. Oku kwenza i-thermoset ibe ngqongqo kwaye ingabi bhetyebhetye kakhulu kune-thermoplastic.

Iimpahla zoMatshini

I-Thermosets, xa sele iphilisiwe, ibonisa uzinzo oluhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokuchasana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-crosslinked structure ye-thermoset inika umgangatho ophezulu wokuqina kunye namandla. Iibhondi ezomeleleyo ze-covalent phakathi kwamakhonkco e-polymer nazo zenza ukuba i-thermoset ikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali.

izicelo

I-Thermosets isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuqina, okunje ngeendawo zenqwelomoya, izithinteli zombane, kunye nemathiriyeli edibeneyo. Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchasana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali, ezinje ngeengubo, izinto zokuncamathelisa, kunye nezitywini.

Ukuthelekiswa kweThermoplastics kunye neThermosets

Umahluko phakathi kwe-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets unokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 1. Ukusabela kubushushu: I-Thermoplastics ithambile xa ishushu kwaye inokuguqulwa, ngelixa i-thermosets ingena kwi-chemical reaction kwaye ibe lukhuni ngokusisigxina.
• 2. Ukuguqulelwa kwakhona: I-Thermoplastics inokunyibilika kwaye iguqulwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha amaninzi, ngelixa i-thermosets ayinakuphinda inyibilike okanye iguqulwe emva kokunyanga.
• 3. Ubume beMichiza: I-Thermoplastics inomgca okanye i-branched structure, kunye nemikhosi ebuthathaka ye-intermolecular ebambe amakhonkco abo e-polymer kunye. I-Thermosets inesakhiwo esinqamlezileyo, esinezibophelelo eziqinileyo ezidibeneyo phakathi kwamakhonkco e-polymer.
• 4. Iimpawu zeMechanical: I-Thermoplastics ngokubanzi inamandla angaphantsi kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa ne-thermosets. I-Thermosets, xa sele iphilisiwe, ibonisa uzinzo oluhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokuchasana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali.
• 5. Izicelo: I-Thermoplastics isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuguquguquka, njengezinto zokupakisha, iipayipi kunye nezixhobo zemoto. I-Thermosets isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuqina, okunje ngeendawo zenqwelomoya, izithinteli zombane, kunye nemathiriyeli edibeneyo.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, i-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets zimbini iindidi zeepolymers ezineempawu ezahlukileyo kunye nokuziphatha. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zibini zixhomekeke ekuphenduleni kwazo ukushisa kunye nokukwazi ukubunjwa kwakhona. I-Thermoplastics inokunyibilika kwaye yenziwe ngokutsha izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu lweekhemikhali, ngelixa i-thermosets ifumana ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngexesha lokunyanga, eziguqula ngokungenakujikwa zibe kwimeko eqinileyo, edibeneyo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosets kubalulekile ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo esinikezelweyo.