Ingabe I-Thermoplastic Polymers Inobuthi?
Ama-polymers we-Thermoplastic ziwuhlobo lwepulasitiki olungancibilika futhi lubunjwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakisha, izimoto, ezokwakha, nezokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nobuthi obungaba khona be-thermoplastic polymers kanye nomthelela wabo empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo.
Ubuthi be-thermoplastic polymers depeifinyelela ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izithasiselo, nezindlela zokucubungula. Amanye ama-polymers we-thermoplastic, njenge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), aqukethe amakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-phthalates, lead, kanye cadi-mium, engaphuma entweni bese ingcolisa imvelo kanye neketango lokudla. PVC yaziwa nangokuthi ikhulula ama-dioxins, iqembu lamakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu angabangela umdlavuza, izinkinga zokuzala nokukhula, kanye nokulimala kwamasosha omzimba.
Amanye ama-polymers we-thermoplastic, njenge-polyethylene (PE) futhi i-polypropylene (PP), zithathwa njengeziphephile futhi zinobuthi obuncane kune PVC. Kodwa-ke, zisengaqukatha izithasiselo ezifana nezinzinzisi, ama-antioxidants, nama-plasticizers, angaba nemiphumela emibi yezempilo uma ephuma entweni bese engena emzimbeni. Isibonelo, amanye ama-plasticizer asetshenziswa ku-PE ne-PP, njenge-bisphenol A (BPA) nama-phthalates, aye axhunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwama-hormone, izinkinga zokukhula, nomdlavuza.
Ubuthi be-thermoplastic polymers nabo depends ezindleleni zabo zokucubungula. Ezinye izindlela zokucubungula, njengokubumba umjovo kanye nokukhipha, zingakhiqiza intuthu enobuthi nezinhlayiya ezingaba yingozi kubasebenzi nasendaweni ezungezile. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polycarbonate (PC), i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetshenziswa ku-electronics namadivayisi wezokwelapha, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-bisphenol A (BPA), ikhemikhali eliye laxhunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kanye nomdlavuza.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ubuthi obungaba khona bama-polymers we-thermoplastic, kusungulwe imithethonqubo namazinga ahlukahlukene ukuze kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nabathengi. Ngokwesibonelo, i Euri-opean Union ivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwama-phthalates athile kumathoyizi nasemikhiqizweni yokunakekela izingane, futhi i-United States ikubekele imingcele ukusetshenziswa komthofu kanye cadmium emikhiqizweni yabathengi. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinkampani zenze ezinye izindlela eziphephile zokusebenzisa ama-polymer endabuko e-thermoplastic, njengamapulasitiki abolayo enziwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo.
Sengiphetha, ubuthi be-thermoplastic polymers depeithola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izithasiselo, nezindlela zokucubungula. Amanye ama-polymers we-thermoplastic, njenge PVC, aqukethe amakhemikhali anobuthi angaphuma entweni futhi angcolise indawo ezungezile kanye nochungechunge lokudla. Amanye ama-polymer we-thermoplastic, njenge-PE ne-PP, abhekwa njengephephile kodwa asengaqukatha izithasiselo ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nabathengi, kuye kwasungulwa imithetho nemigomo ehlukahlukene ukuze kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela eziphephile.