TPU is thermoplastic polyurethane, ib hom polyurethane uas tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab pwm, thiab yaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Piv nrog rau kev sib xyaw thiab cam khwb cia polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane muaj me ntsis lossis tsis muaj kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg hauv nws cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab nws cov molecules yog cov kab ncaj, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev sib pauv lub cev.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib pauv lub cev yog thawj zaug los ntawm Schollenberge CS nyob rau hauv 1958, uas yog hais txog "cov ntsiab lus sib txuas" ntawm linear polyurethane molecular chains uas yog thermally lossis reversibly soluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Nws tsis yog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas. Vim yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sib pauv lub cev no, polyurethane tsim ib txoj kev tshawb xav multiphase morphology, thiab hydrogen bonds ntawm polyurethane txhim kho nws cov morphology thiab ua rau nws tiv taus ntau dua cov av noo.

Kev faib tawm ntawm TPU

Tam sim no peb paub dab tsi TPU yog, nws cov kev faib tawm yog dab tsi? Nyob ntawm cov qauv kev faib tawm txawv, TPU cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam sib txawv.

Piv txwv li, raws li cov qauv muag muag, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom polyester, hom polyether, thiab butadiene hom, uas muaj ester, ether, lossis butene pawg. Raws li cov qauv nyuaj, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom urethane thiab urethane urea hom, uas tau txais los ntawm diol chain extender lossis diamine chain extender, feem. Kev faib tawm feem ntau yog muab faib ua hom polyester thiab hom polyether.

Raws li seb puas muaj kev sib txuas, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov thermoplastic ntshiab thiab semi-thermoplastic. Tus qub yog cov qauv dawb huv uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas sib txuas, thaum tom kawg muaj qee qhov sib txuas sib txuas xws li urethane methacrylate. Raws li kev siv cov khoom tiav, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb (ntau yam khoom siv), cov kav dej (sheaths, rod profiles), films (cov ntawv, nyias daim hlau), nrog rau cov nplaum, coatings, fibers, thiab lwm yam.

Yuav ua li cas TPU hluavtaws

TPU, los ntawm cov qauv molecular foundations, belongs rau polyurethane. Yog li cas nws yog synthesized?

Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, nws feem ntau muab faib ua ntau hom polymerization thiab kev daws teeb meem polymerization.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim ib pawg aminoester

Hauv bulk polymerization, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntej-polymerization thiab ib-kauj ruam txoj kev raws li seb puas muaj qhov ua ntej.

Pre-polymerization yuav reacting diisocyanate nrog siab molecular hnyav diol rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab ces ntxiv ib tug saw extender los tsim. TPU.
Ib-kauj ruam txoj kev suav nrog kev sib xyaw siab molecular hnyav diol, diisocyanate, thiab saw extender ua ke kom hnov mob thiab tsim tawm. TPU.

Kev daws teeb meem polymerization cuam tshuam nrog dissolving diisocyanate hauv cov kuab tshuaj, ntxiv cov khoom hnyav molecular diol kom hnov mob rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab thaum kawg ntxiv cov saw txuas ntxiv los tsim. TPU.

Lub hom TPU mos ntu, qhov hnyav molecular, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntu tawv lossis mos, thiab TPU aggregation xeev yuav cuam tshuam qhov ntom ntawm TPU, uas yog kwv yees li ntawm 1.10 thiab 1.25, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov roj hmab thiab cov yas.

Nyob rau tib lub hardness, qhov ntom ntawm polyether TPU yog qis dua li ntawm polyester TPU.

Yuav ua li cas TPU cov khoom ua tiav

TPU cov ntaub ntawv raug ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov khoom kawg tom qab kev sib txuas ntawm TPU particles.Lub ntsiab txoj kev siv rau TPU kev ua yog yaj ua thiab kev daws teeb meem.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm TPU encapsulation ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob.

Melt processing yog siv cov txheej txheem hauv kev lag luam yas: xws li kev sib tov, calendering, extrusion, tshuab moulding, thiab molding (xws li txhaj tshuaj, compression, hloov, thiab centrifugal molding). Kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev sib cais cov khoom hauv cov kuab tshuaj lossis ncaj qha polymerizing lawv hauv cov kuab tshuaj los tsim cov tshuaj, uas yog tom qab ntawd coated lossis spun.

TPU tsis tas yuav vulcanization cross-linking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov khoom kawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm TPU cov ntaub ntawv uas

Cov khoom siv dav siv vim nws muaj kev ua tau zoo heev, thiab TPU yog tsis muaj kev zam. Zoo li cam khwb cia polyurethane (kua) thiab sib xyaw polyurethane (khoom), TPU muaj modulus siab, siab zog, siab elongation, siab elasticity, zoo heev hnav tsis kam, roj kuj, tsis kub tsis kam, thiab laus kuj. Ntawm lawv, lub zog tensile siab, loj elongation, thiab tsis tshua muaj compression mus tas li deformation tus nqi yog qhov zoo ntawm TPU.

Mechanical Properties ntawm TPU Feem ntau yuav piav qhia los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog tensile, elongation, resilience, thiab hardness.

1.High tensile zog thiab loj elongation

TPU muaj zoo tensile zog thiab elongation. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim duab hauv qab no, peb tuaj yeem pom tias lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm polyether TPU nyob deb tshaj li PVC yas thiab roj hmab.

Kev sib piv ntawm tensile lub zog ntawm TPU nrog rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, TPU tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev lag luam khoom noj yam tsis muaj lossis tsis muaj cov additives tsawg heev thaum ua, uas nyuaj rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li PVC thiab roj hmab kom ua tiav.

2.Resilience yog rhiab heev rau kub

Lub resilience ntawm TPU hais txog cov degree uas nws sai sai rov qab mus rau nws lub qub qub tom qab lub deformation kev nyuaj siab raug tso tawm, uas yog qhia los ntawm lub zog rov qab, uas yog, qhov ratio ntawm deformation rebound ua hauj lwm rau cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau los tsim lub deformation. Nws yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm dynamic modulus thiab kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm lub cev elastic, thiab yog qhov rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kub thiab resilience ntawm TPU

Cov ntu mos ntawm TPU yog PTMG, PCL, thiab PBA, nrog cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm 1000 thiab 2000, ntsig txog; Cov ntu nyuaj yog MDI-BDO, nrog cov ntsiab lus nyuaj ntawm 48.2% (PCL-1250 yog 42.7%) thiab 31.7%, thiab r0 = 1.05 prepolymer synthesis.

Raws li xav tau, resilience txo qis nrog txo qhov kub kom txog thaum qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd elasticity nce sai. Qhov ntsuas kub no yog qhov kub ntawm qhov muag crystallization, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm macromolecular diol thiab qis dua rau polyether. TPU dua li polyester TPU. Thaum kub hauv qab qhov kub ntawm crystallization, lub cev elasticity yuav nyuaj heev thiab poob nws elasticity, yog li resilience zoo ib yam li rebounding los ntawm ib tug tawv hlau nto.

3.Hardness ntau yam yog Shore A60 ~ D80

Hardness yog qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus deformation, khawb, thiab puas.

TPU hardness feem ntau yog ntsuas siv Shore A thiab Shore D hardness testers, nrog Shore A siv rau softer TPU thiab Shore D siv nyuaj dua TPU.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Shore A thiab Shore D

Vim lub hardness ntawm TPU tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov mos thiab tawv ntu, TPU muaj qhov sib txawv hardness ntau yam, nrog rau qhov hardness ntau ntawm Shore A60 ~ D80, spanning hardness ntawm roj hmab thiab yas, thiab siab elasticity nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hardness ntau yam.

Nrog kev hloov hauv hardness, qee yam khoom ntawm TPU yuav hloov. Piv txwv li, nce hardness ntawm TPU yuav ua rau muaj zog tensile modulus thiab tsim kua muag lub zog, nce rigidity thiab compressive kev nyuaj siab (load muaj peev xwm), txo elongation ntawm so, nce ceev thiab dynamic tshav kub tiam, thiab muaj zog ib puag ncig kuj.

Kev Siv TPU

Xyoo 1958, Asmeskas tuam txhab Goodrich Chemicals (tam sim no hloov npe ua Lubrizol) thawj zaug sau npe. TPU lub npe Estane, thiab txij thaum ntawd los, ntau tshaj 20 hom npe ntawm TPU tau tshwm sim thoob ntiaj teb dhau 40 xyoo dhau los, nrog ntau cov khoom lag luam rau txhua hom. Raws li kev ua haujlwm siab elastomer, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv qab, thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

1. Khaub ncaws

TPU yog siv nyob rau hauv khau mas vim nws zoo heev elasticity thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov khoom siv khau muaj TPU Nws yog qhov zoo dua los hnav dua li cov khoom siv khau zoo tib yam, thiab yog li ntawd ntau dua siv hauv cov khoom khau khau siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qee cov kis las thiab khau xws li.

2. Hos

TPU hoses yog dav siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj raws li cov roj thiab roj hoses rau aircraft, tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb, maus taus, tshuab cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab vim lawv yooj, zoo tensile zog, cuam tshuam tsis kam, thiab siab thiab kub tsis kam.

3. Cov kab kos

TPU muab cov kua muag tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, thiab khoov cov yam ntxwv, thiab qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm cable. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Suav lag luam, TPU yog siv rau high-end cables xws li tswj cables thiab fais fab cables los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv npog ntawm complex cable designs, thiab nws siv yog nce zuj zus.

4. Cov khoom siv kho mob

TPU yog kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov, thiab zoo PVC Cov khoom siv hloov pauv uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj phem xws li phthalates, thiab tsis tsim cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum hloov mus rau cov ntshav lossis lwm cov kua dej hauv cov catheters lossis cov hnab kho mob. Tshwj xeeb tsim extrusion thiab txhaj tshuaj qib TPU tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm PVC khoom siv nrog kev kho me ntsis.