Nylon (polyamide) hom thiab daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia

1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), hu ua PA, feem ntau hu ua Nylon

2. Lub ntsiab naming txoj kev: raws li tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv txhua repepawg amide. Thawj tus lej ntawm nomenclature hais txog cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm diamine, thiab cov lej hauv qab no yog hais txog cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm dicarboxylic acid.

3. Hom nylon:

3.1 Nylon-6 (PA6)

Nylon-6, tseem hu ua polyamide-6, yog polycaprolactam. Translucent los yog opaque milky dawb resin.

3.2 Nylon-66 (PA66)

Nylon-66, tseem hu ua polyamide-66, yog polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Nylon-1010 (PA1010)

Nylon-1010, tseem hu ua polyamide-1010, yog polyseramide. Nylon-1010 yog ua los ntawm cov roj castor raws li cov khoom siv raw, uas yog ntau yam tshwj xeeb hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Nws cov yam ntxwv loj tshaj plaws yog nws cov ductility siab, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3 mus rau 4 npaug ntawm qhov qub ntev, thiab muaj lub zog tensile siab, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev thiab kub tsis kam, thiab tsis nkig ntawm -60 ° C.

3.4 Nylon-610 (PA-610)

Nylon-610, tseem hu ua polyamide-610, yog polyhexamethylene diamide. Nws yog translucent creamy dawb. Nws lub zog yog nruab nrab ntawm nylon-6 thiab nylon-66. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus me me, tsis tshua muaj crystallinity, me ntsis cuam tshuam rau dej thiab av noo, zoo seem stability, nws tus kheej-extinguishing. Siv nyob rau hauv precision yas qhov chaw, roj pipelines, ntim, ropes, conveyor siv, bearings, gaskets, insulating cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thiab ntsuas vaj tse.

3.5 Nylon-612 (PA-612)

Nylon-612, tseem hu ua polyamide-612, yog polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Nylon-612 yog ib hom nylon nrog zoo toughness. Nws muaj qhov qis qis dua li PA66 thiab yog softer. Nws cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li PA6, tab sis nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm hydrolysis thiab qhov ruaj khov, thiab kev nqus dej tsawg. Kev siv tseem ceeb yog ua monofilament bristles rau txhuam hniav.

3.6 Nylon-11 (PA-11)

Nylon-11, tseem hu ua polyamide-11, yog polyundecalactam. Dawb translucent lub cev. Nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws yog kub melting kub thiab dav ua haujlwm kub, tsis tshua muaj dej nqus, ua haujlwm kub tsis zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo uas tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm -40 ° C txog 120 ° C. Mas siv nyob rau hauv tsheb roj pipeline, nres system hose, kho qhov muag fiber cable txheej, ntim zaj duab xis, txhua hnub xav tau, thiab lwm yam.

3.7 Nylon-12 (PA-12)

Nylon-12, tseem hu ua polyamide-12, yog polydodecamide. Nws zoo ib yam li Nylon-11, tab sis muaj qhov qis dua, melting point, thiab dej nqus dua li nylon-11. Vim tias nws muaj ntau tus neeg sawv cev toughening, nws muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm polyamide thiab polyolefin. Nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws yog kub decomposition kub, tsis tshua muaj dej nqus thiab zoo heev tsis kub tsis kam. Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej hauv tsheb, cov cuab yeej ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov pedals accelerator, nres hoses, lub suab nrov-nqus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cable sheaths.

3.8 Nylon-46 (PA-46)

Nylon-46, tseem hu ua polyamide-46, yog polybutylene adipamide. Nws cov yam ntxwv zoo heev yog crystallinity siab, kub tsis kam, siab rigidity thiab siab zog. Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv lub cav tsheb thiab cov khoom siv peripheral, xws li lub tog raj kheej taub hau, roj lub tog raj kheej puag, roj foob npog, kis tau tus mob.

Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, nws yog siv rau hauv contactors, sockets, coil bobbins, keyboards thiab lwm yam kev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab qaug zog.

3.9 Nylon-6T (PA-6T)

Nylon-6T, tseem hu ua polyamide-6T, yog polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Nws cov yam ntxwv zoo heev yog qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam (lub ntsiab lus melting yog 370 ° C, iav hloov pauv kub yog 180 ° C, thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntev ntawm 200 ° C), lub zog siab, qhov loj me, thiab cov vuam zoo. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tsheb qhov chaw, roj twj tso kua mis cover, cua lim, tshav kub-resistant hluav taws xob qhov chaw xws li hlau hlua terminal board, fuse, thiab lwm yam.

3.10 Nylon-9T (PA-9T)

Nylon-9T, tseem hu ua polyamide-6T, yog polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Nws cov yam ntxwv zoo heev yog: kev nqus dej tsawg, qhov nqus dej ntawm 0.17%; Kev ua haujlwm kub zoo (lub ntsiab lus melting yog 308 ° C, iav hloov pauv kub yog 126 ° C), thiab nws cov vuam kub yog siab li 290 ° C. Feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm thiab qhov chaw pib.

3.11 Pob tshab nylon (semi-aromatic nylon)

Pob tshab nylon yog amorphous polyamide nrog lub npe tshuaj: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Kev xa tawm ntawm lub teeb pom kev yog 85% mus rau 90%. Nws inhibits lub crystallization ntawm nylon los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom nrog copolymerization thiab steric teeb meem rau cov nylon tivthaiv, yog li ua ib tug amorphous thiab nyuaj-rau-crystallize qauv, uas tuav lub qub zog thiab toughness ntawm nylon, thiab tau pob tshab tuab-walled khoom. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog txhua yam thiab rigidity ntawm pob tshab nylon yog yuav luag tib theem li PC thiab polysulfone.

3.12 Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (ntsuab nylon abbreviated li PPA)

Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) yog ib qho nyuaj heev polymer nrog rau qib siab ntawm symmetry thiab tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv molecular, thiab muaj zog hydrogen bonds ntawm macromolecular chains. Lub polymer muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, siab modulus, kub tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj ntom, me me thermal shrinkage, thiab zoo seem stability, thiab yuav ua tau rau hauv high-zog, high-modulus fibers (lub npe fiber lag luam ntawm DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Yog cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws hnav).

3.13 Monomer cam khwb cia nylon (monomer cam khwb cia Nylon hu ua MC nylon)

MC nylon yog ib hom nylon-6. Piv nrog cov nylon zoo tib yam, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

A. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua: Cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm MC nylon yog ob npaug ntawm cov nylon zoo tib yam (10000-40000), txog 35000-70000, yog li nws muaj lub zog siab, zoo toughness, cuam tshuam tsis kam, qaug zog thiab zoo creep kuj. .

B. Muaj qee lub suab haum: MC nylon muaj lub suab nqus dej, thiab yog ib qho khoom siv zoo thiab siv tau los tiv thaiv lub suab nrov, xws li ua lub zog nrog nws.

C. Zoo resilience: MC nylon khoom tsis tsim deformation mus tas li thaum khoov, thiab tuav lub zog thiab toughness, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev feature rau tej yam kev mob uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov loads siab.

D. Nws muaj kev hnav zoo dua thiab nws tus kheej lubricating zog;

E. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsis sib txuas nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv;

F. Cov dej nqus dej yog 2 mus rau 2.5 npaug qis dua li ntawm cov nylon zoo tib yam, cov dej nqus nrawm nrawm dua, thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom kuj zoo dua li cov nylon zoo tib yam;

G. Kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov pwm yog yooj yim. Nws tuaj yeem raug nrum ncaj qha lossis ua tiav los ntawm kev txiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom loj, ntau yam thiab cov khoom me me uas nyuaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab los tsim.

3.14 Reaction Txhaj Moulded Nylon (RIM Nylon)

RIM nylon yog ib qho thaiv copolymer ntawm nylon-6 thiab polyether. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm polyether txhim kho cov tawv tawv ntawm RIM nylon, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kub thiab txias toughness, zoo heev kub tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thaum pleev xim.

3.15 IPN nylon

IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) nylon muaj cov khoom siv zoo sib xws rau cov nylon yooj yim, tab sis tau txhim kho mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam lub zog, kub tsis kam, lubrication thiab processability. IPN nylon resin yog ib qho sib xyaw pellet ua los ntawm nylon resin thiab pellets uas muaj silicone resin nrog vinyl functional pawg lossis alkyl functional pawg. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ob pawg neeg ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv silicone tau dhau los ua qhov sib txuas sib txuas los tsim IPN ultra-siab molecular hnyav silicone resin, uas tsim cov qauv peb sab hauv cov qauv nylon. Txawm li cas los xij, crosslinking tsuas yog tsim ib feem, thiab cov khoom tiav yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau crosslink thaum khaws cia kom txog thaum tiav.

3.16 Electroplated nylon

Electroplated nylon yog sau nrog cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia thiab muaj lub zog zoo heev, rigidity, kub tsis kam thiab qhov ruaj khov. Nws muaj tib yam zoo li electroplated ABS, tab sis deb tshaj electroplated ABS hauv kev ua tau zoo.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electroplating nylon yog ib yam ntawm ABS, uas yog, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog thawj roughened los ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob (etching txheej txheem), thiab tom qab ntawd cov catalyst yog adsorbed thiab txo (catalytic txheej txheem), thiab ces tshuaj. electroplating thiab electroplating yog ua los ua tooj liab, npib tsib xee, Hlau xws li chromium tsim ib tug ntom, uniform, tawv thiab conductive zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom.

3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide hu ua PI)

Polyimide (PI) yog ib qho polymer uas muaj imide pawg hauv cov saw tseem ceeb. Nws muaj kev kub siab tiv thaiv thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Nws muaj tsis-combustibility, hnav tsis kam thiab zoo seem stability ntawm kub kub. Poj niam deev hluas.

Aliphatic polyimide (PI): kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo;

Aromatic polyimide (PI): tswv yim (cov lus qhia hauv qab no tsuas yog rau aromatic PI).

A. PI kub tsis kam: decomposition kub 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃

(Qee yam muaj peev xwm tswj tau ntau yam khoom ntawm lub cev nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm 555 ° C, thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntev ntawm 333 ° C);

B. PI tiv taus kub heev: nws yuav tsis tawg hauv cov kua nitrogen ntawm -269 ° C;

C. PI mechanical zog: Unreinforced elastic modulus: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber reinforced: 200 GPa; saum toj no 260 ° C, lub tensile hloov yog qeeb dua txhuas;

D. PI hluav taws xob tsis kam: ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab hluav taws xob, nrog cov teeb meem tsis zoo. Siab zog tuav tus nqi tom qab irradiation;

E. PI dielectric zog:

a. Dielectric qhov tsis tu ncua: 3.4

b. Dielectric poob: 10-3

c. Dielectric zog: 100 ~ 300KV / mm

d. Volume resistivity: 1017

F, PI creep tsis kam: ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tus nqi nkag yog me dua li ntawm txhuas;

G. Kev sib txhuam kev ua haujlwm: Thaum PI VS hlau rub tawm rau ib leeg hauv lub xeev qhuav, nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw sib txhuam thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kheej lubricating, thiab coefficient ntawm dynamic kev sib txhuam yog ze heev rau coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam zoo li qub, uas muaj peev xwm zoo los tiv thaiv kev nkag.

H. Qhov tsis zoo: tus nqi siab, uas txwv tsis pub siv rau hauv kev lag luam pej xeem zoo tib yam.

Tag nrho cov polyamides muaj ib qho degree ntawm hygroscopicity. Dej ua raws li cov yas yas hauv polyamides. Tom qab nqus dej, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob txo qis, tab sis qhov toughness thiab elongation ntawm tawg nce.

Nylon (polyamide) hom thiab daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia