TPU Zofunika - Kusanthula Kwambiri
Kodi TPU
TPU is thermoplastic polyurethane, mtundu wa polyurethane womwe ungatenthedwe ndi kuumbidwa, ndikusungunuka mu zosungunulira. Poyerekeza ndi polyurethane yosakanikirana ndi yopangidwa, polyurethane ya thermoplastic ili ndi cross-link yochepa kapena yopanda mankhwala mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, ndipo mamolekyu ake kwenikweni ndi olunjika, koma pali kusinthana kwina kwa thupi.
Lingaliro la kusinthana kwakuthupi lidaperekedwa koyamba ndi Schollenberge CS mu 1958, lomwe limatanthawuza "malo olumikizirana" pakati pa unyolo wamamolekyulu a polyurethane omwe amasungunuka motenthedwa kapena kusinthika m'ma solvents. Sichiphatikizo chamankhwala, koma chimagwira ntchito ngati mgwirizano wamankhwala. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi kumeneku, polyurethane imapanga chiphunzitso cha multiphase morphology, ndipo ma hydrogen bonds a polyurethane amakulitsa kapangidwe kake ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosagwirizana ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Gulu la TPU
Tsopano kuti tikudziwa chiyani TPU ndi, magulu ake ndi otani? Kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, TPU zipangizo zimatha kukhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, molingana ndi gawo lofewa, amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa polyester, mtundu wa polyether, ndi mtundu wa butadiene, womwe uli ndi magulu a ester, ether, kapena butene, motero. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lolimba, amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa urethane ndi mtundu wa urethane urea, womwe umapezeka ndi diol chain extender kapena diamine chain extender, motsatana. Gulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri limagawidwa mumtundu wa polyester ndi polyether.
Kutengera ngati pali njira yolumikizirana, imatha kugawidwa kukhala thermoplastic yoyera ndi semi-thermoplastic. Yoyambayo ndi yoyera ya mzere wopanda zomangira zolumikizirana, pomwe chomalizacho chimakhala ndi zomangira zazing'ono zolumikizirana monga urethane methacrylate. Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomalizidwa, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo owoneka bwino (magawo osiyanasiyana amakina), mapaipi (ma sheath, mbiri ya ndodo), mafilimu (mapepala, mbale zoonda), komanso zomatira, zokutira, ulusi, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndizotani TPU apanga
TPU, kuchokera kumapangidwe a maselo, ndi a polyurethane. Ndiye amapangidwa bwanji?
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kaphatikizidwe, izo makamaka anawagawa chochuluka polymerization ndi njira polymerization.
Mu polymerization yochuluka, imatha kugawidwa mu pre-polymerization ndi njira imodzi yotengera ngati pali chisanachitike.
- Pre-polymerization imaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu kwa diisocyanate ndi diol yolemera kwambiri ya maselo kwa nthawi inayake, ndikuwonjezera unyolo wowonjezera kuti upangitse. TPU.
- Njira imodzi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza diol yolemera kwambiri ya molekyulu, diisocyanate, ndi chain extender palimodzi kuti muchite ndi kupanga. TPU.
Njira yothetsera polymerization imaphatikizapo kusungunula diisocyanate mu zosungunulira, kuwonjezera ma diol olemera kwambiri a maselo kuti achitepo kwa nthawi inayake, ndipo pamapeto pake amawonjezera unyolo wowonjezera kuti apange. TPU.
Mtundu wa TPU gawo lofewa, kulemera kwa maselo, zomwe zili mumagulu olimba kapena ofewa, ndi TPU aggregation boma zidzakhudza kachulukidwe wa TPU, yomwe ili pafupifupi pakati pa 1.10 ndi 1.25, popanda kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mphira ndi mapulasitiki ena.
Pa kuuma yemweyo, kachulukidwe wa polyether TPU ndi otsika kuposa polyester TPU.
Ndizotani TPU zinthu kukonzedwa
TPU zipangizo kukonzedwa kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana kupanga chomaliza mankhwala pambuyo kaphatikizidwe wa TPU particles.Njira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito TPU processing ndi kusungunula processing ndi kukonza njira.
Sungunulani processing ndi wamba ntchito ndondomeko mu makampani pulasitiki: monga kusakaniza, calendering, extrusion, kuwombera akamaumba, ndi akamaumba (kuphatikizapo jekeseni, psinjika, kusamutsa, ndi akamaumba centrifugal). Yankho processing kumafuna Kutha ndi particles mu zosungunulira kapena mwachindunji polymerizing iwo mu zosungunulira kupanga njira, amene ndiye TACHIMATA kapena spun.
TPU sikutanthauza vulcanization cross-linking reaction kuti apange chomaliza, chomwe chingafupikitse kuzungulira kwa kupanga, ndi zinthu zotayirira zitha kubwezeredwa ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Magwiridwe a TPU zakuthupi
Chinthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino, komanso TPU ndi chimodzimodzi. Monga polyurethane (zamadzimadzi) ndi blended polyurethane (yolimba), TPU ali ndi modulus wapamwamba, mphamvu zambiri, kutalika kwambiri, kusungunuka kwakukulu, kukana kuvala bwino, kukana mafuta, kukana kutentha, ndi kukalamba. Zina mwa izo, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, kutalika kwakukulu, komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwanthawi yayitali ndiubwino waukulu wa TPU.
The makina katundu wa TPU zidzafotokozedwa makamaka ku mbali za kulimba kwamphamvu, kutalika, kupirira, ndi kuuma.
1.Mkulu wamakokedwe mphamvu ndi elongation lalikulu
TPU ali ndi mphamvu zolimbikira kwambiri komanso kutalika. Kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zili m'munsimu, titha kuwona kuti mphamvu yokhazikika komanso elongation ya polyether TPU apamwamba kwambiri kuposa PVC mapulasitiki ndi mphira.
Kuphatikiza apo, TPU amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani azakudya popanda kapena ndi zowonjezera zochepa pakukonza, zomwe zimakhala zovuta pazinthu zina monga PVC ndi mphira kukwaniritsa.
2.Resilience imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha
Kupirira kwa TPU amatanthauza mlingo umene mwamsanga kubwerera ku chikhalidwe chake chapachiyambi pambuyo mapindikidwe kupsyinjika anamasulidwa, amene akusonyezedwa ndi kuchira mphamvu, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha mapindikidwe rebound ntchito kwa ntchito yofunikila kubala mapindikidwe. Ndi ntchito ya modulus zosinthika ndi kukangana mkati mwa zotanuka thupi, ndipo tcheru kwambiri kutentha.
Magawo ofewa a TPU ndi PTMG, PCL, ndi PBA, okhala ndi zolemera zamamolekyulu za 1000 ndi 2000, motsatana; zigawo zolimba ndi MDI-BDO, zomwe zili ndi gawo lolimba la 48.2% (PCL-1250 ndi 42.7%) ndi 31.7%, ndi r0 = 1.05 prepolymer synthesis.
Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, kupirira kumachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha mpaka kutentha kwina, ndiyeno elasticity imakula mofulumira. Kutentha kumeneku ndi gawo lofewa la crystallization kutentha, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka diol ya macromolecular ndipo ndikotsika kwa polyether. TPU kuposa polyester TPU. Pa kutentha pansi pa kutentha kwa crystallization, thupi lotanuka limakhala lolimba kwambiri ndipo limataya mphamvu zake, choncho kulimba mtima kumakhala kofanana ndi kubwereranso kuchokera kuzitsulo zolimba.
3.Kuuma kwamtundu ndi Shore A60~D80
Kuuma ndi chizindikiro cha kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana mapindikidwe, zokala, ndi ma abrasions.
TPU kuuma nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zoyesa kuuma kwa Shore A ndi Shore D, ndipo Shore A imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofewetsa TPU ndipo Shore D amagwiritsidwa ntchito movutikira TPU.
Chifukwa kuuma kwa TPU zitha kusinthidwa ndikusintha chiŵerengero cha zigawo zofewa ndi zolimba, TPU ili ndi kuuma kokulirapo, komwe kumakhala kuuma kwa Shore A60 ~ D80, kutengera kulimba kwa mphira ndi pulasitiki, komanso kulimba kwambiri pakulimba konseko.
Ndi kusintha kuuma, ena katundu wa TPU zidzasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kuuma kwa TPU zidzapangitsa kuti kuchulukidwe kolimba kwa modulus ndi kung'amba mphamvu, kuwonjezereka kwa kuuma ndi kupsinjika maganizo (kuchuluka kwa katundu), kuchepetsa kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma, kuchulukirachulukira ndi kutentha kwamphamvu, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito TPU
Mu 1958, kampani yaku America ya Goodrich Chemicals (yomwe tsopano imatchedwa Lubrizol) idalembetsa koyamba TPU dzina la mtundu Estane, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, oposa 20 mayina amtundu wa TPU zakhala zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi pazaka 40 zapitazi, ndi zinthu zingapo zamtundu uliwonse. Monga elastomer yogwira ntchito kwambiri, TPU ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zopangira mankhwala, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, zida zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zokongoletsa, ndi zina. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:
1. Nsapato
TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsapato makamaka chifukwa cha elasticity yake yabwino komanso kukana kuvala. Zogulitsa nsapato zomwe zili TPU amakhala omasuka kwambiri kuvala kuposa nsapato wamba, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazogulitsa nsapato zapamwamba, makamaka pamasewera ena ndi nsapato wamba.
2. Hoses
TPU mapaipi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ngati mapaipi a gasi ndi mafuta opangira ndege, akasinja, magalimoto, njinga zamoto, zida zamakina, ndi zida zina zamakina chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo, kulimba kwamphamvu, kukana kwamphamvu, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
3. Zingwe
TPU amapereka kukana misozi, kukana kuvala, ndi mikhalidwe yopindika, komanso kukana kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotsika ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa chingwe. Chifukwa chake, pamsika waku China, TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zapamwamba monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe zamagetsi kuti ateteze zida zophimba zazitsulo zovuta, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kukufalikira kwambiri.
4. Zida Zachipatala
TPU ndi yotetezeka, yokhazikika, komanso yapamwamba PVC zinthu zoloweza m'malo zomwe zilibe mankhwala owopsa monga phthalates, ndipo sizitulutsa zotsatira zoyipa zikasamutsidwa m'magazi kapena madzi ena mu catheter yachipatala kapena matumba achipatala. Mwapadera opangidwa extrusion ndi jekeseni kalasi TPU angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta ndi alipo PVC zida zosintha pang'ono.
