Thermoplastic Zida Mu Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana
Introduction
Zida za thermoplastic ndi mtundu wa polima womwe umatha kusungunuka ndikuwumbidwanso kangapo popanda kusintha kwambiri mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso kusinthasintha.
Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wa zida za thermoplastic ndikutha kupangidwa movutikira mosavuta. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popanga njira zomwe zimafunikira kupanga zovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ma thermoplastics ndi opepuka ndipo amakana kwambiri kukhudzidwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe kulimba ndikofunikira.
Ubwino wina wa zida za thermoplastic ndikutha kusinthidwanso. Mosiyana ndi zida zopangira ma thermosetting, zomwe zimasintha mankhwala panthawi yakuchiritsa, ma thermoplastics amatha kusungunuka ndikuwumbidwanso kangapo osataya katundu wawo. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okonda zachilengedwe kwa opanga omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wawo wa carbon.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida za thermoplastic, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mu yankho ili, tikambirana za mitundu yodziwika bwino ya thermoplastics ndi katundu wawo.
1. Polyethylene (PE):
Polyethylene ndi pulasitiki yopepuka, yokhazikika, komanso yosinthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika, kumanga, ndi kupanga magalimoto. Imapezeka m'makalasi angapo, kuphatikiza polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE) ndi polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE). HDPE ndi pulasitiki yolimba komanso yolimba yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ndi chinyezi, pamene LDPE ndi yosinthika komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa.
2. Polypropylene (PP):
Polypropylene ndi pulasitiki yolimba komanso yolimba yomwe imalimbana ndi kutentha, mankhwala, ndi chinyezi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zida zapakhomo. Imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza homopolymer, copolymer, ndi random copolymer. Homopolymer ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndipo uli ndi kuuma bwino komanso kukana kutentha, pomwe copolymer imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino komanso kukana kwa random copolymer ndipo random copolymer imakhala yomveka bwino.
3. Polystyrene (PS):
Polystyrene ndi pulasitiki yopepuka, yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika, kutchinjiriza, ndi zotayira pa tebulo. Imapezeka m'magiredi angapo, kuphatikiza polystyrene (GPPS) ndi polystyrene yapamwamba kwambiri (HIPS). GPPS ndi pulasitiki yomveka bwino komanso yonyezimira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwonekera ndikofunikira, pomwe HIPS ndi pulasitiki yosagwira ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe kulimba ndikofunikira.
4. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
Polyvinyl chloride ndi pulasitiki yosunthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomangamanga, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zida zamankhwala. Imapezeka m'makalasi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo okhwima PVC ndi kusinthasintha PVC. Okhwima PVC ndi pulasitiki yamphamvu komanso yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu pomwe kuuma ndikofunikira, pomwe kumasinthasintha PVC ndi pulasitiki yofewa komanso yowonjezereka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito kumene kusinthasintha n'kofunika.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS):
ABS ndi pulasitiki yolimba, yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, zoseweretsa, ndi nyumba zamagetsi. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa ma polima atatu osiyanasiyana: acrylonitrile, butadiene, ndi styrene. ABS ili ndi kukana kwamphamvu, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kwamankhwala.
6. Polycarbonate (PC):
Polycarbonate ndi pulasitiki yolimba, yowonekera bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zida zamankhwala. Ili ndi kukana kwambiri, kukana kutentha, komanso kumveka bwino kwa kuwala. Zimalimbananso ndi cheza cha UV ndi mankhwala.
7. Nayiloni (PA):
Nayiloni ndi pulasitiki yolimba, yopepuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, zida zamasewera, ndi zida zamagetsi. Imapezeka m'makalasi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nayiloni 6 ndi nayiloni 66. Nayiloni 6 ndi pulasitiki yosinthika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zolimba komanso kusinthasintha ndizofunikira, pamene nayiloni 66 ndi pulasitiki yolimba kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu pamene kuuma ndi kusinthasintha. mphamvu ndizofunikira.
8. Acetal (POM):
Acetal ndi pulasitiki yolimba, yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagiya, mayendedwe, ndi zida zina zamakina. Ili ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa mawonekedwe, kukangana kochepa, komanso kukana kwambiri kuvala. Imapezeka m'makalasi angapo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza homopolymer ndi copolymer. Homopolymer ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino amakina, pomwe copolymer ili ndi kukana bwino kwa mankhwala.
9. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE):
TPEs ndi zinthu zosinthika, zokhala ngati mphira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, nsapato, ndi zinthu zogula. Ndiwophatikiza ma polima awiri osiyana: thermoplastic ndi elastomer. TPEs ali ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kutsika kocheperako, komanso kukana kwamankhwala.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe awo apadera, zida za thermoplastic ndizosavuta kuzikonza ndipo zimatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza jekeseni, kuumba, ndi kutulutsa. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwa opanga omwe amafunikira kupanga magawo ambiri mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Ngakhale ali ndi ubwino wambiri, palinso zolepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za thermoplastic. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zipangizo za thermosetting, zomwe zingachepetse ntchito zawo pazitsulo zotentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma thermoplastics ena amatha kukhala osasunthika komanso osavuta kusweka akapanikizika.
Pomaliza, zida za thermoplastic ndi mtundu wosinthika komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wa polima womwe umapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa zida zina. Ndizopepuka, zolimba, komanso zosavuta kuzikonza, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Ndi kuthekera kwawo kusinthidwanso, alinso njira yosamalira zachilengedwe kwa opanga omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wawo.
