TPU is thermoplastic polyurethane, rudzi rwepolyurethane inogona kupiswa nekuumbwa, uye kunyungudutswa muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa. Kana ichienzaniswa nepolyurethane yakasanganiswa uye yakaumbwa, polyurethane yethermoplastic haina makemikari akawanda kana kuti haina kana makemikari anobatanidza muchimiro chayo chemakemikari, uye mamorekuru ayo anongova akatsetseka, asi pane huwandu hwakati hwekuchinjana kwemuviri.

Pfungwa yekutsinhana kwenyama yakatanga kutaurwa naSchollenberge CS muna 1958, iyo inoreva "nzvimbo dzekubatanidza" pakati pemutsara we polyurethane molecular cheni iyo inonyungudika ne thermally kana kudzorereka muzvinonyungudutsa. Haisi chaiyo kemikari muchinjika-link, asi inotamba basa rekemikari muchinjika-link. Nekuda kwekuita kwekutsinhana kwemuviri uku, polyurethane inoumba dzidziso yemultiphase morphology, uye mabhondi ehydrogen e polyurethane anosimudzira morphology uye anoita kuti irambe yakasimba kune yakakwira humidity.

Classified of TPU

Zvino toziva chii TPU ndiko, ndeapi mapoka ayo? Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando, TPU zvinhu zvinogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.

Semuenzaniso, zvichienderana neyakapfava chikamu chimiro, vanogona kukamurwa kuita polyester mhando, polyether mhando, uye butadiene mhando, ine ester, ether, kana butene mapoka, zvichiteerana. Zvinoenderana neyakaomarara segment chimiro, ivo vanogona kukamurwa kuita urethane mhando uye urethane urea mhando, iyo inowanikwa ne diol chain extender kana diamine chain extender, zvichiteerana. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa classification yakakamurwa kuva polyester mhando uye polyether mhando.

Zvinoenderana nekuti kune muchinjiko wekubatanidza, unogona kukamurwa kuita pure thermoplastic uye semi-thermoplastic. Iyo yekutanga ndeye yakachena mutsara chimiro isina kuyambuka-inobatanidza mabhondi, nepo iyo yekupedzisira ine diki diki-yekubatanidza mabhondi akadai seurethane methacrylate. Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita akasarudzika-akaumbwa zvikamu (akasiyana-siyana emuchina), pombi (sheaths, tsvimbo profiles), mafirimu (mashizha, mahwendefa matete), pamwe chete nemanamira, machira, fibers, nezvimwe.

Zviri sei TPU synthesized

TPU, kubva kune imwe molecular chimiro maonero, ndeye polyurethane. Saka inogadzirwa sei?

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana masynthesis maitiro, inonyanya kukamurwa kuita yakawanda polymerization uye mhinduro polymerization.

Muhuwandu hwepolymerization, inogona kupatsanurwazve kuita pre-polymerization uye imwe-nhanho nzira zvichienderana nekuti pane pre-reaction.

Pre-polymerization inosanganisira kuita diisocyanate ine yakakwira molecular uremu diol kweimwe nguva yenguva, uyezve kuwedzera ketani yekuwedzera kugadzira. TPU.
Imwe-nhanho nzira inosanganisira kusanganisa yakakwira molecular uremu diol, diisocyanate, uye cheni extender pamwechete kuita uye kugadzira. TPU.

Solution polymerization inosanganisira kunyungudutsa diisocyanate mune yakanyungudutsa, kuwedzera yakakwira molecular uremu diol kuita kweimwe nguva yenguva, uye pakupedzisira kuwedzera ketani yekuwedzera kugadzira. TPU.

Rudzi rwe TPU chikamu chakapfava, uremu hwemamorekuru, zviri mukati mezvikamu zvakaoma kana zvinyoro, uye TPU aggregation state ichakanganisa density ye TPU, iyo inenge iri pakati pe1.10 ne1.25, isina misiyano yakakura kubva kune mamwe marabha nemapurasitiki.

Pakuoma kwakafanana, kuwanda kwepolyether TPU yakaderera pane iyo yepolyester TPU.

Zviri sei TPU zvinhu zvakagadziriswa

TPU zvinhu zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dzigadzire chigadzirwa chekupedzisira mushure mekugadzirwa kwe TPU zvidimbu.Nzira huru dzinoshandiswa TPU processing ndeyekunyunguduka kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa.

Kushandiswa kwe TPU encapsulation paganda rekunze remagetsi maturusi.

Melt processing inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yepurasitiki: senge kusanganisa, calendering, extrusion, blow molding, uye kuumba (kusanganisira jekiseni, kumanikidza, kuendesa, uye centrifugal kuumba). Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kunosanganisira kunyungudutsa zvimedu musolvent kana kuti zvakananga polymerizing musolvent kuti igadzire mhinduro, iyo inobva yaputirwa kana kuruka.

TPU haidi vulcanization cross-linking reaction kuti ibudise chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, chinogona kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira, uye tsvina inogona kushandiswazve uye kushandiswa zvakare.

Kuita kwe TPU zvinhu

Chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti chine kuita kwakanakisa, uye TPU hakuna anosiya. Sezvakaita cast polyurethane (mvura) uye yakasanganiswa polyurethane (yakasimba), TPU ine yakakwirira modulus, yakakwirira simba, yakakwirira elongation, yakakwirira elasticity, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, mafuta kuramba, kushomeka kwekushisa, uye kuchembera kuramba. Pakati pazvo, simba rakanyanya kusimba, kurebesa kukuru, uye kuderera kwenguva refu kwekumanikidza kwekusingaperi deformation rate zvakakosha zvakanakira. TPU.

Iyo mechanical properties ye TPU inozonyanya kutsanangurwa kubva kuzvinhu zvekusimba kwesimba, kurebesa, kusimba, uye kuoma.

1.High tensile simba uye elongation huru

TPU ine simba rakanakisa rekusimba uye kurebesa. Kubva pane iyo data mumufananidzo uri pazasi, tinogona kuona kuti kusimba kwesimba uye kurebesa kwepolyether TPU vakakwirira nokure PVC mapurasitiki uye rabha.

Kuenzanisa kwekusimba kwesimba re TPU nezvimwe zvinhu

Pamusoro pe, TPU inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri yezvekudya pasina kana neakawanda mashoma ekuwedzera panguva yekugadzirisa, izvo zvakaoma kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se PVC uye rubber kuti uwane.

2.Resilience inonyanya kunetseka kune tembiricha

Kushingirira kwe TPU inoreva dhigirii iyo inokurumidza kudzoka kumamiriro ayo ekutanga mushure meiyo deformation stress yaburitswa, iyo inoratidzirwa nesimba rekudzoreredza, ndiko kuti, chiyero cheiyo deformation rebound basa kune basa rinodiwa kugadzira deformation. Iri basa reiyo dynamic modulus uye kukweshera kwemukati kweiyo elastic body, uye inonzwa zvakanyanya kune tembiricha.

Hukama huri pakati petembiricha nekusimba kwe TPU

Zvikamu zvinyoro zve TPU ari PTMG, PCL, uye PBA, ane huremu hwemamorekuru hwe1000 ne2000, zvichiteerana; zvikamu zvakaoma ndeye MDI-BDO, ine zvikamu zvakaoma zve 48.2% (PCL-1250 ndeye 42.7%) uye 31.7%, uye r0 = 1.05 prepolymer synthesis.

Sezvinotarisirwa, kusimba kunodzikira nekudzikira tembiricha kusvika imwe tembiricha, uyezve elasticity inowedzera nekukurumidza. Iyi tembiricha ndiyo yakapfava segment crystallization tembiricha, inotarwa nechimiro cheiyo macromolecular diol uye yakadzikira kune polyether. TPU kupfuura yepolyester TPU. Patembiricha pazasi pe tembiricha yekristaro, iyo elastic muviri inova yakaoma kwazvo uye inorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo, saka kusimba kwakafanana nekudzoka kubva kune yakaoma simbi pamusoro.

3.Hardness range is Shore A60~D80

Kuomarara chiratidzo chekugona kwechinhu kuramba deformation, makwara, uye mabrasions.

TPU kuomarara kunowanzoyerwa pachishandiswa Shore A uye Shore D kuomarara testers, neShore A inoshandiswa kupfava TPU uye Shore D yakashandiswa zvakanyanya TPU.

Nokuti kuoma kwe TPU inogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa chiyero chezvikamu zvakapfava uye zvakaoma, TPU ine huwandu hwakakura hwekuomarara, nekuomarara kweShore A60 ~ D80, kutenderera kuoma kwerabha nepurasitiki, uye kusimba kwepamusoro mukati mekuoma kwese kwese.

Nekuchinja mukuoma, zvimwe zvinhu zve TPU zvichachinja. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kuoma kwe TPU zvichaguma nekuwedzera kusimba modulus uye kubvarura simba, kuwedzera kuomarara uye compressive kushushikana (mutoro simba), kuderera kureba panguva yekuzorora, kuwedzera density uye simba rinopisa chizvarwa, uye kuwedzera kwezvakatipoteredza kuramba.

Iko Kushandiswa kwe TPU

Muna 1958, kambani yeAmerica yeGoodrich Chemicals (yava kunzi Lubrizol) yakatanga kunyoresa iyo TPU zita rechiratidzo Estane, uye kubva ipapo, anopfuura 20 mazita emhando ye TPU zvakabuda pasi rose mumakore makumi mana apfuura, paine akati wandei akateedzana ezvigadzirwa zvemhando yega yega. Seyakanyanya-inoshanda elastomer, TPU ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso zvechigadzirwa chepasi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, midziyo yemitambo, matoyi, zvekushongedza, uye mamwe minda. Heino mienzaniso mishoma:

1. Shangu

TPU inoshandiswa mune shangu kunyanya nekuda kwekunaka kwayo uye kusimba kwekupfeka. Zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvine TPU dzakanyanya kusununguka kupfeka kupfuura zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvakajairika, uye nekudaro dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zveshangu dzepamusoro, kunyanya mune mimwe mitambo neshangu dzenguva dzose.

2. Hoses

TPU hosi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muChina semagasi nemafuta hose endege, matangi, mota, midhudhudhu, maturusi emuchina, uye zvimwe midziyo yemuchina nekuda kwekuchinjika kwadzo, simba rakanaka rekusimba, kupikisa, uye yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba.

3. Tambo

TPU inopa kuramba kubvarura, kupfeka kuramba, uye kukotama maitiro, uye yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwetambo. Naizvozvo, mumusika weChina, TPU inoshandiswa kune tambo dzepamusoro-soro dzakadai sematambo ekudzora uye tambo dzemagetsi kudzivirira zvinhu zvekufukidzira zvekugadzira tambo dzakaoma, uye kushandiswa kwayo kuri kuwedzera kupararira.

4. Zvishandiso zvekurapa

TPU yakachengeteka, yakagadzikana, uye yemhando yepamusoro PVC chinotsiva zvinhu zvisina makemikari anokuvadza senge phthalates, uye haaburitse mhedzisiro kana ichiendeswa kuropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa mumakatheta ekurapa kana mabhegi ekurapa. Kunyanya kugadzirwa extrusion uye jekiseni giredhi TPU inogona kushandiswa nyore neiyo iripo PVC midziyo ine zvigadziriso zvishoma.