Thermoplastic Zvishandiso Mumarudzi Akasiyana
ziviso
Thermoplastic zvinhu imhando yepolymer inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwazve kakawanda pasina kuita shanduko yakakosha yemakemikari. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana nekuda kweakasarudzika zvivakwa uye kuita zvakasiyana.
Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha emidziyo ye thermoplastic kugona kwavo kuumbwa kuita maumbirwo akaomarara zviri nyore. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kuti zvishandiswe mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira panodiwa madhizaini akaomarara. Pamusoro pezvo, thermoplastics ine huremu uye ine yakanyanya kuramba kukanganiswa, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumashandisirwo uko kusimba kwakakosha.
Imwe mukana weiyo thermoplastic zvinhu kugona kwavo kudzokororwa. Kusiyana nemidziyo yekuisira thermosetting, iyo inochinja kemikari panguva yekurapa, thermoplastics inogona kunyungudutswa uye kuumbwazve kakawanda pasina kurasikirwa nemidziyo yavo. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo ine hushamwari kune vanogadzira vanoda kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka.
Kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi e thermoplastic zvinhu, imwe neimwe iine yayo yakasarudzika hunhu uye maitiro. Mumhinduro iyi, tichakurukura mamwe emhando dzakajairika dze thermoplastics uye maitiro avo.
1. Polyethylene (PE):
Polyethylene ipurasitiki isingaremi, inogara, uye inochinjika iyo inowanzo shandiswa mukurongedza, kuvaka, uye kushandisa mota. Inowanikwa mumagiredhi akati wandei, kusanganisira high-density polyethylene (HDPE) uye yakaderera-density polyethylene (LDPE). HDPE ipurasitiki yakasimba uye yakasimba inoshingirira kumakemikari nekunyorova, nepo LDPE iri kuchinjika uye ine zvirinani kupikisa.
2. Polypropylene (PP):
Polypropylene ipurasitiki yakasimba, yakasimba inodzivirira kupisa, makemikari, uye hunyoro. Inowanzoshandiswa mukupakata, zvikamu zvemotokari, uye midziyo yemumba. Inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira homopolymer, copolymer, uye random copolymer. Homopolymer ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye ine kusimba kwakanaka uye kuramba tembiricha, nepo copolymer ine kusimba kuri nani uye random copolymer ine kujeka kuri nani.
3. Polystyrene (PS):
Polystyrene ipurasitiki isina huremu, yakasimba iyo inowanzoshandiswa mukurongedza, kuvhara, uye tafura yetafura. Inowanikwa mumagiredhi akati wandei, kusanganisira general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS) uye high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). GPPS ipurasitiki yakajeka uye ine brittle iyo inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo uko kujeka kwakakosha, nepo HIPS ipurasitiki isingachinjiki iyo inoshandiswa mukushandisa uko kuoma kwakakosha.
4. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
Polyvinyl chloride ipurasitiki inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana iyo inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira kuvaka, zvikamu zvemotokari, uye zvigadzirwa zvekurapa. Inowanikwa mumagiredhi akati wandei, kusanganisira yakaoma PVC uye anochinjika PVC. Rigid PVC ipurasitiki yakasimba uye yakasimba iyo inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo apo kuomarara kwakakosha, nepo kuchichinjika PVC ipurasitiki yakapfava uye yakapfava iyo inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo apo kushanduka kwakakosha.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS):
ABS ipurasitiki yakaoma, yakasimba iyo inowanzoshandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari, matoyi, uye dzimba dzemagetsi. Musanganiswa wemapolima matatu akasiyana: acrylonitrile, butadiene, uye styrene. ABS ine yakanaka maitiro ekupikisa, kupisa kupisa, uye makemikari kuramba.
6. Polycarbonate (PC):
Polycarbonate ipurasitiki yakasimba, inoonekera inowanzoshandiswa muzvikamu zvemagetsi, zvikamu zvemotokari, uye midziyo yekurapa. Iyo ine yakanakisa kukanganisa kupikisa, kupisa kupisa, uye kujekesa kwemaziso. Iyo zvakare inoshingirira kune UV mwaranzi uye makemikari.
7. Naironi (PA):
Nylon ipurasitiki yakasimba, isingaremi iyo inowanzoshandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari, zvinhu zvemitambo, uye zvinhu zvemagetsi. Inowanikwa mumagiredhi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira naironi 6 uye naironi 66. Nylon 6 ipurasitiki inoshanduka-shanduka iyo inoshandiswa muzvikumbiro apo kuoma uye kushanduka kwakakosha, nepo nylon 66 ipurasitiki yakasimba iyo inoshandiswa mumashandisi apo kuoma uye kuoma. simba rakakosha.
8. Acetal (POM):
Acetal ipurasitiki yakasimba, yakaomarara iyo inowanzo shandiswa mumagiya, mabhengi, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemakanika. Iyo ine yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, yakaderera friction, uye yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba. Inowanikwa mumakiredhi akati wandei, kusanganisira homopolymer uye copolymer. Homopolymer ine zvirinani zvemichina, nepo copolymer ine nani makemikari kuramba.
9. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE):
TPEs inochinjika, yakaita rabha-semidziyo iyo inowanzoshandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari, shangu, uye zvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Iwo musanganiswa wemapolymer maviri akasiyana: thermoplastic uye elastomer. TPEs vane yakanaka kuchinjika, yakaderera compression set, uye yakanaka makemikari kuramba.
Pamusoro pezvimiro zvavo zvakasiyana, zvinhu zve thermoplastic zvakare zviri nyore kugadzira uye zvinogona kuumbwa uchishandisa akasiyana matekiniki, anosanganisira jekiseni molding, blow molding, uye extrusion. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo yakanaka kune vanogadzira vanoda kugadzira akawanda ezvikamu nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.
Pasinei nezvakawanda zvakanakira, panewo zvimwe zvinogumira pakushandisa thermoplastic zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, ivo vane yakaderera kupisa kupikisa pane thermosetting zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira kushandiswa kwavo mune yakakwirira-tembiricha application. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe thermoplastics anogona kunge asina brittle uye anowanzo kuputika pasi pekunetseka.
Mukupedzisa, thermoplastic zvinhu imhando yakasiyana-siyana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yepolymer inopa akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu. Iwo akareruka, akasimba, uye ari nyore kugadzirisa, achivaita sarudzo yakanaka kune yakafararira maapplication. Nekugona kwavo kudzokororwa, ivo zvakare isarudzo ine hushamwari kune vanogadzira vanoda kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka yavo.
