Ngaba iiPolymers zeThermoplastic zinetyhefu?
Iipolima zeThermoplastic luhlobo lweplastiki enokuthi inyibilikiswe kwaye yenziwe ngokutsha izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwekhemikhali. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukupakisha, iimoto, ukwakhiwa, kunye nezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga netyhefu enokubakho yeepholima ze-thermoplastic kunye nefuthe labo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ubutyhefu beepholima ze-thermoplastic depends kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, izongezo, kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ezinye iipholima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), zinemichiza eyityhefu efana ne-phthalates, ilothe, kunye cadmium, enokuthi iphume kwizinto kwaye ingcolise indalo kunye nekhonkco lokutya. PVC yaziwa nangokukhupha ii-dioxins, iqela elinetyhefu kakhulu yeekhemikhali ezinokubangela umhlaza, iingxaki zokuzala kunye nophuhliso, kunye nomonakalo wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Ezinye iipholima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-polyethylene (PE) kwaye polypropylene (PP), zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kwaye zincinci kunetyhefu PVC. Nangona kunjalo, zisenokuqulatha izongezo ezinje ngezizinzisi, i-antioxidants, kunye ne-plasticizers, ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo xa zifuduka ziphuma kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zingene emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwi-PE kunye ne-PP, njenge-bisphenol A (BPA) kunye ne-phthalates, ziye zadibaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwehomoni, iingxaki zophuhliso kunye nomhlaza.
Ubutyhefu beepholima ze-thermoplastic nazo depends kwiindlela zabo zokusetyenzwa. Ezinye iindlela zokusetyenzwa, ezifana nokubumba inaliti kunye ne-extrusion, zinokuvelisa umsi oyityhefu kunye namasuntswana anokuba yingozi kubasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuveliswa kwe-polycarbonate (i-PC), i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetyenziswe kwi-electronics kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-bisphenol A (BPA), ikhemikhali edibaniswe nokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kunye nomhlaza.
Ukunciphisa ityhefu enokubakho yeepolymers ze-thermoplastic, imimiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho iye yaphuhliswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi. Umzekelo, i EurI-opean Union ikuthintele ukusetyenziswa kweephthalates ezithile kwizinto zokudlala nakwiimveliso zokhathalelo lwabantwana, kwaye iUnited States ikuthintele ukusetyenziswa kwelothe kunye cadmium kwiimveliso zabathengi. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kwiipolima ze-thermoplastic zemveli, ezinje ngeplastiki enokubola eyenziwe ngezixhobo ezivuselelekayo.
Ukuqukumbela, ubutyhefu beepholima ze-thermoplastic depends kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, izongezo, kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ezinye iipolymers thermoplastic, ezifana PVC, ziqulethe iikhemikhali eziyityhefu ezinokuphuma kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zingcolise indalo kunye nekhonkco lokutya. Ezinye iipolima ze-thermoplastic, ezifana ne-PE kunye ne-PP, zithathwa njengekhuselekile kodwa zisenokuqulatha izongezo ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi, imimiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho iye yaphuhliswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.