Yintoni ibhedi emanzi?
A ibhedi emanzi yinkqubo ebandakanya ukuxhoma amasuntswana aqinileyo kwisimo esifana nolwelo, ngesiqhelo ngokuvuthela umoya okanye irhasi emazantsi enkonkxa. Oku kudala ibhedi yamasuntswana ahlala eshukuma kwaye aneempawu zolwelo kunye negesi. Iibhedi ezinolwelo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, ukucokiswa kweoli, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.
Ingqikelelo yolwelo lwaqala ukufunyanwa ngoo-1930 yinjineli yaseBritane egama lingu Lewis Fry Richardson, owaqaphela ukuba intlabathi yayiziphethe njengolwelo xa ibethwa ngumoya. Ngeminyaka yoo-1940, isazinzulu saseJamani uFritz Winkler waphuhlisa ibhedi esebenza ulwelo lwesixhobo sokuqala sokuvelisa i-petroli yokwenziwa.
Iibhedi ezigudisiweyo zineengenelo ezininzi kuneereactors zebhedi ezisisigxina, kubandakanywa ubushushu obuphuculweyo kunye nokudluliselwa kobunzima, ukusabela okwandisiweyo, kunye nolawulo olungcono lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuziphatha okufana nolwelo lwamasuntswana nako kunciphisa umngcipheko weendawo ezishushu okanye iindawo ezifileyo, ezinokubangela ukusabela okungasebenziyo okanye okungaphelelanga.
Uyilo olusisiseko lwebhedi enolwelo luqulathe isikhongozelo okanye inqanawa ezaliswe ngezinto eziqinileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo izinto ezixubileyo ezifana nesanti, i-limestone, okanye amasuntswana e-catalyst. Umoya okanye irhasi iye yaziswa ukusuka ezantsi kwesikhongozeli, idala ukuqukuqela kolwelo oluphakamisa kwaye lumise amasuntswana emoyeni.
Njengoko i-fluid ihamba ngombhede, ibangela ukuba iinqununu zihambe kwaye zidibanise, zenze ukuxuba okuguquguqukayo kunye nokudibanisa. Esi senzo sibonisa kwakhona iinqununu kwindawo enkulu, evumela ukushisa okusebenzayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kobuninzi phakathi kweengqungquthela kunye nolwelo olujikelezayo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeebhedi ezinolwelo kukukwazi kwabo ukulawula ubushushu bokusabela. Ngokulungelelanisa izinga lokuhamba kunye nokushisa kwamanzi, abaqhubi banokugcina ubushushu obuhambelanayo kulo lonke umbhede, ukuthintela iindawo ezishushu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusabela kuqhubeka kwizinga eliphezulu.
Iibhedi ezinolwelo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni imichiza, njengokuveliswa kweammonia, i-methanol, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zepetroli. Zikwasetyenziswa ekulungiseni ukutya kunye namayeza, kunye nokunyanga amanzi amdaka kunye nolunye ukungcola kwimizi-mveliso.
Kwishishini lokuvelisa amandla, iibhedi ezimanzi zisetyenziswa ekutshisweni kwamalahle nezinye izibaso zefosili. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukutshisa i-fuel kumandlalo olwelo lwe-limestone, ehambelana ne-sulphur dioxide eveliswa ngexesha lokutsha ukwenza i-calcium sulfate (gypsum). Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fluidized bed combustion, inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-sulphur dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezinxulumene nezixhobo zombane eziqhelekileyo ezibaswa ngamalahle.
Ukuqukumbela, iibhedi ezinolwelo zibuchwephesha obutsha nobuguquguqukayo obunezicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. Banikezela ubushushu obuphuculweyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kobuninzi, ukwanda kwamazinga okuphendula, kunye nolawulo olungcono lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwemizi-mveliso, kubandakanywa ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukusetyenzwa kokutya, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
