Izinto Ze-Thermoplastic Ezinhlotsheni Ezihlukene
Isingeniso
Izinto ze-Thermoplastic ziwuhlobo lwe-polymer olungancibilika futhi lubunjwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle koshintsho olukhulu lwamakhemikhali. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nokuhlukahluka.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto ze-thermoplastic yikhono lazo lokubunjwa libe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kalula. Lokhu kubenza balungele ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza lapho kudingeka khona imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwengeza, ama-thermoplastics anesisindo esincane futhi anokumelana okuhle kakhulu nomthelela, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukuqina kubalulekile.
Enye inzuzo yezinto ze-thermoplastic yikhono lazo lokugaywa kabusha. Ngokungafani nezinto ze-thermosetting, ezishintsha amakhemikhali phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha, i-thermoplastics ingancibilika futhi ibunjwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho evumelana nemvelo kubakhiqizi abafuna ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinto ze-thermoplastic, ngayinye enezici zayo nezici ezihlukile. Kule mpendulo, sizoxoxa ngezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-thermoplastic kanye nezakhiwo zazo.
1. I-polyethylene (PE):
I-Polyethylene iyipulasitiki engasindi, ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi eguquguqukayo evame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni, ekwakheni nasekufakweni kwezimoto. Itholakala emabangeni amaningana ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) kanye ne-low-density polyethylene (LDPE). I-HDPE iyipulasitiki eqinile futhi eqinile imelana namakhemikhali nomswakama, kuyilapho i-LDPE iguquguquka kakhulu futhi inokumelana nomthelela ongcono.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP):
I-Polypropylene iyipulasitiki eqinile, eqinile emelana nokushisa, amakhemikhali, kanye nomswakama. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni, ezingxenyeni zezimoto, kanye nezinto zasendlini. Itholakala ngamanani ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-homopolymer, i-copolymer, kanye ne-random copolymer. I-Homopolymer yibanga elivame kakhulu futhi inokuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kuyilapho i-copolymer inokumelana okungcono komthelela kanye ne-random copolymer ecacile kangcono.
3. I-Polystyrene (PS):
I-Polystyrene iyipulasitiki engasindi, eqinile evame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni, ekufakeni, nasezintweni ezilahlwayo. Itholakala emabangeni amaningana ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-polystyrene yenjongo evamile (GPPS) kanye ne-polystyrene ephezulu yomthelela (HIPS). I-GPPS iyipulasitiki ecacile futhi ephukayo esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho obala kubalulekile, kuyilapho i-HIPS iyipulasitiki engazweli kakhulu esetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa lapho ukuqina kubalulekile.
4. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
I-Polyvinyl chloride iyipulasitiki eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa, izingxenye zezimoto, namadivayisi wezokwelapha. Itholakala emabangeni amaningana ahlukene, okuhlanganisa aqinile PVC futhi evumelana nezimo PVC. Qina PVC iyipulasitiki eqinile futhi eqinile esetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuqina kubalulekile, kuyilapho kuguquguquka PVC iyipulasitiki ethambile futhi eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukuguquguquka kubalulekile.
5. I-Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS):
I-ABS iyipulasitiki eqinile, eqinile evame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, amathoyizi, nezindlu zikagesi. Kuyinhlanganisela yama-polymers amathathu ahlukene: i-acrylonitrile, i-butadiene, ne-styrene. I-ABS inokumelana nomthelela omuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, nokumelana namakhemikhali.
6. I-Polycarbonate (PC):
I-Polycarbonate iyipulasitiki eqinile, esobala evame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi, izingxenye zezimoto, namathuluzi ezokwelapha. Inokumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, nokucaca kwe-optical. Iphinde imelane nemisebe ye-UV kanye namakhemikhali.
7. Inayiloni (PA):
Inayiloni iyipulasitiki eqinile, engasindi evame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izimpahla zemidlalo, nezinto zikagesi. Itholakala ngamabanga amaningana ahlukene, okuhlanganisa inayiloni 6 kanye nenayiloni 66. Inayiloni 6 iyipulasitiki eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukuqina nokuguquguquka kubalulekile, kuyilapho inayiloni 66 iyipulasitiki eqinile kakhulu esetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukuqina nokuqina. amandla abalulekile.
8. I-Acetal (POM):
I-Acetal iyipulasitiki eqinile, eqinile evame ukusetshenziswa kumagiya, ama-bearings, nezinye izingxenye zemishini. Inokuqina okuhle kwe-dimensional, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, nokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa. Itholakala kumabanga amaningana ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-homopolymer ne-copolymer. I-Homopolymer inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, kuyilapho i-copolymer inokumelana namakhemikhali okungcono.
9. I-Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE):
TPEs izinto eziguquguqukayo, ezifana nerabha ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izicathulo, nemikhiqizo yabathengi. Ziyinhlanganisela yama-polymer amabili ahlukene: i-thermoplastic ne-elastomer. TPEAma-s abe nokuguquguquka okuhle, isethi yokucindezela okuphansi, nokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali.
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile, izinto zokwakha ze-thermoplastic nazo zilula ukucutshungulwa futhi zingabunjwa kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukubumba umjovo, ukubumba igalelo, kanye nokukhipha. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kubakhiqizi abadinga ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziningi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zabo eziningi, kukhona futhi ukulinganiselwa ekusebenziseni izinto ze-thermoplastic. Isibonelo, banokumelana nokushisa okuphansi kunezinto zokusetha i-thermosetting, ezingakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni zokushisa okuphezulu. Ukwengeza, amanye ama-thermoplastics angaba brittle futhi athambekele ekuqhekekeni ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Sengiphetha, izinto zokwakha ze-thermoplastic ziwuhlobo lwe-polymer oluguquguqukayo futhi olusetshenziswa kabanzi olunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezinye izinto. Ayisindi, aqinile, futhi kulula ukuwacubungula, okuwenza abe yinketho ekahle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngamandla azo okugaywa kabusha, aphinde abe yinketho evumelana nemvelo kubakhiqizi abafuna ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo.
