Izici nezinhlobo ze-thermoplastic polymer

I-polymer ye-thermoplastic uhlobo lwe-polymer ebonakala ngokukwazi kwayo ukuncibilika bese iqiniswa r.epengaphandle koshintsho olubalulekile kumakhemikhali ayo noma izici zokusebenza. Ama-polymers we-Thermoplastic zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakishwa, izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zikagesi, nezisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, phakathi kokunye.

Ama-polymers we-Thermoplastic ahlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zama-polymers, njengama-polymers e-thermosetting nama-elastomers, ngamandla awo okuncibilika futhi aguqulwe izikhathi eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-polymers e-thermoplastic akhiwe ngamaketanga amade ama-molecule abanjwe ndawonye amandla e-intermolecular abuthakathaka. Uma kusetshenziswa ukushisa kupholimeri ye-thermoplastic, lawa mandla e-intermolecular aba buthaka, okuvumela amaketanga ukuthi ahambe ngokukhululeka futhi okokusebenza kube lula.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zama-polymers we-thermoplastic ukuguquguquka kwawo. Angakhiwa ukuze abe nezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zomzimba nemishini, okuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, amandla, nokumelana nokushisa, amakhemikhali, nemisebe ye-UV. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezidinga izici ezithile zokusebenza.

Enye inzuzo yama-polymers e-thermoplastic wukuba lula kwawo ukucubungula. Ngenxa yokuthi zingancibilika futhi zilungiswe izikhathi eziningi, zingabunjwa kalula zibe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zisebenzisa amasu anhlobonhlobo, njengokubumba umjovo, ukukhishwa kwe-extrusion, i-blow molding, kanye ne-thermoforming. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezingxenye nezingxenye.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-polymers we-thermoplastic, ngayinye enesethi yayo ehlukile yezakhiwo nezindlela zokusebenza. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. polyethylene (PE): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetshenziswa kakhulu eyaziwa ngezindleko zayo eziphansi, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nomthelela kanye namakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakisha, amapayipi, kanye nokufakwa kwezintambo.
2. I-polypropylene (PP): Enye i-polymer ye-thermoplastic esetshenziswa kabanzi eyaziwa ngokuqina kwayo, ukuqina, nokumelana nokushisa namakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izingxenye zezimoto, ukupakisha, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha.
3. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqina, nokumelana nomlilo namakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amapayipi, i-wire insulation, kanye ne-flooring.
4. I-Polystyrene (PS): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngokucaca kwayo, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Isetshenziswa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakisha, izinkomishi ezilahlwayo, kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation.
5. I-Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): I-polymer ye-thermoplastic eyaziwa ngamandla ayo, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokushisa nomthelela. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izingxenye zezimoto, amathoyizi, nezinto zikagesi.

Ngokungeziwe kulawa ma-polymer avamile we-thermoplastic, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezitholakalayo, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile kanye nezicelo. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa i-polycarbonate (PC), i-polyamide (PA), i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nama-fluoropolymers afana ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Sekukonke, ama-polymers we-thermoplastic ayinketho eguquguqukayo futhi engabizi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ikhono lazo lokuncibilika kanye nokuguqulwa izikhathi eziningi, kuhlanganiswe nohlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezomshini, kuzenza zibe izinto ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.