Ụdị nylon (polyamide) na ntinye ngwa

1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), nke a na-akpọ PA, nke a na-akpọkarị naịlọn

2. Ụzọ isi aha: dị ka ọnụọgụ carbon carbon dị na nke ọ bụla repeotu amide. Nkeji mbụ nke nomenclature na-ezo aka na ọnụọgụ carbon carbon nke diamine, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-ezo aka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon atom nke dicarboxylic acid.

3. Ụdị naịlọn:

3.1 Naịlọn-6 (PA6)

Naịlọn-6, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-6, bụ polycaprolactam. resin ọcha na-acha uhie uhie ma ọ bụ opaque.

3.2 Naịlọn-66 (PA66)

Nylon-66, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-66, bụ polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Naịlọn-1010 (PA1010)

Nylon-1010, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-1010, bụ polyseramide. Nylon-1010 bụ mmanụ castor dị ka ihe eji eme ihe, nke bụ ụdị dị iche iche na mba m. Ihe kachasi ya ike bụ ductility dị elu, nke nwere ike ịgbatị ruo 3 ruo 4 ugboro ogologo oge mbụ, ma nwee ike ike dị elu, mmetụta dị mma na-eguzogide na obere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ọ bụghịkwa na-agbaji na -60 ° C.

3.4 Naịlọn-610 (PA-610)

Nylon-610, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-610, bụ polyhexamethylene diamide. Ọ bụ translucent ude ọcha. Ike ya dị n'etiti naịlọn-6 na naịlọn-66. Obere ike ndọda, obere kristal, obere mmetụta na mmiri na iru mmiri, nkwụsi ike akụkụ dị mma, na-ekpochapụ onwe ya. A na-eji ya na akụkụ rọba nkenke, pipeline mmanụ, arịa, eriri, eriri ebu, bearings, gaskets, ihe mkpuchi na ụlọ eletrik na eletrọnịkị na ngwá ọrụ.

3.5 Naịlọn-612 (PA-612)

Nylon-612, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-612, bụ polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Naịlọn-612 bụ ụdị naịlọn nwere ike ka mma. Ọ nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala karịa PA66 ma dịkwa nro. Nkwụsi ike ya dị ka nke PA6, mana ọ nwere nkwụsi ike nke hydrolysis na nkwụsi ike nke akụkụ, yana ntinye mmiri dị ala. Ihe eji eme ya bụ bristles monofilament maka brọsh eze.

3.6 Naịlọn-11 (PA-11)

Naịlọn-11, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-11, bụ polyundecalactam. Ahụ translucent ọcha. Njirimara ya pụtara ìhè bụ okpomọkụ na-agbaze dị ala na okpomọkụ nhazi sara mbara, obere mmiri na-amịkọrọ mmiri, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma dị ala, na mgbanwe dị mma nke enwere ike idowe ya na -40 ° C ruo 120 ° C. A na-ejikarị ya na pipeline mmanụ ụgbọ ala, eriri usoro breeki, mkpuchi eriri eriri anya, ihe nkiri nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe ndị dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, wdg.

3.7 Naịlọn-12 (PA-12)

Naịlọn-12, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-12, bụ polydodecamide. Ọ dị ka naịlọn-11, mana ọ nwere njupụta dị ala, ebe mgbaze, na nnabata mmiri karịa naịlọn-11. N'ihi na ọ nwere nnukwu ihe na-eme ka ike sie ike, ọ nwere njirimara nke ijikọta polyamide na polyolefin. Njirimara ya pụtara ìhè bụ okpomọkụ ire ere dị elu, nnabata mmiri dị ala na ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala. A na-ejikarị ya na ọkpọkọ mmanụ ụgbọala, ogwe ngwá ọrụ, pedal ngwa ngwa, brek hoses, ihe na-eme mkpọtụ nke ngwa eletrọnịkị, na n'ọbọ eriri.

3.8 Naịlọn-46 (PA-46)

Nylon-46, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-46, bụ polybutylene adipamide. Njirimara ya pụtara ìhè bụ kristal dị elu, oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nnukwu siri ike na ike dị elu. A na-ejikarị ya na injin ụgbọ ala na akụkụ akụkụ, dị ka isi cylinder, isi cylinder mmanụ, mkpuchi mkpuchi mmanụ, nnyefe.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ eletriki, a na-eji ya na kọntaktị, sockets, coil bobbins, switches na ubi ndị ọzọ na-achọ nnukwu nkwụsị ọkụ na ike ọgwụgwụ.

3.9 Naịlọn-6T (PA-6T)

Nylon-6T, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-6T, bụ polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Njirimara ya pụtara ìhè bụ nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu (ebe mgbaze bụ 370 ° C, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ bụ 180 ° C, enwere ike iji ya ogologo oge na 200 ° C), ike dị elu, nha kwụsiri ike, na ezigbo ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ejikarị ya na akụkụ ụgbọ ala, mkpuchi mgbapụta mmanụ, ihe nzacha ikuku, akụkụ eletrik na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ka bọọdụ ọdụ waya, fuse, wdg.

3.10 Naịlọn-9T (PA-9T)

Nylon-9T, nke a makwaara dị ka polyamide-6T, bụ polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Njirimara ya pụtara ìhè bụ: obere mmiri na-amịpụta mmiri, ọnụego mmịpụta mmiri nke 0.17%; ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide (ebe mgbaze bụ 308 ° C, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ bụ 126 ° C), na ịgbado ọkụ okpomọkụ dị ka 290 ° C. A na-ejikarị ya na ngwa elektrọnik, ngwa eletriki, akụrụngwa ozi na akụkụ ụgbọ ala.

3.11 naịlọn transperent (naịlọn ọkara aromatic)

Naịlọn transperent bụ polyamide amorphous nwere aha kemịkal: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Mbufe ọkụ a na-ahụ anya bụ 85% ruo 90%. Ọ na-egbochi kristal nke naịlọn site n'ịgbakwunye ihe ndị nwere copolymerization na ihe mgbochi siri ike na akụrụngwa naịlọn, si otú ahụ na-emepụta ihe amorphous na nke siri ike-crystalize, nke na-ejigide ike na ike mbụ nke naịlọn, na-enwetakwa ngwaahịa ndị nwere mgbidi na-egbuke egbuke. Ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ihe ọkụ eletrik, ike igwe na nkwụsi ike nke nylon transperent fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ọkwa PC na polysulfone.

3.12 Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (naịlọn aromatic ewebiri dị ka PPA)

Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) bụ polymer siri ike nke ukwuu nwere akara ngosi dị elu na ịdị na-aga n'ihu n'usoro ihe omimi ya, yana njikọ hydrogen siri ike n'etiti agbụ macromolecular. Polymer nwere njirimara nke ike dị elu, modul dị elu, nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, njupụta dị ala, obere nkwụsị ọkụ, na nkwụsi ike nke akụkụ dị mma, enwere ike mee ya ka ọ bụrụ ike dị elu, eriri modul modul (aha ahia fiber DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, bụ ihe ndị agha na-egbochi mgbọ).

3.13 Monomer ihe nkedo naịlọn ( monomer cast nylon nke a na-akpọ MC nylon)

MC naịlọn bụ ụdị naịlọn-6. E jiri ya tụnyere nylon nkịtị, o nwere njirimara ndị a:

A. Mma n'ibu Njirimara: The ikwu molekul arọ nke MC naịlọn bụ ugboro abụọ nke nkịtị naịlọn (10000-40000), banyere 35000-70000, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere elu ike, ezi siri ike, mmetụta eguzogide, ike ọgwụgwụ na-eguzogide na ezi creep eguzogide. .

B. Nwere ụfọdụ ụda absorption: MC nylon nwere ụda absorption ọrụ, na bụ a dịtụ echekwa na ihe onwunwe iji gbochie n'ibu ụzụ, dị ka ime gia na ya.

C. Resilience dị mma: ngwaahịa nylon MC anaghị emepụta nrụrụ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe ehulata, ma na-echekwa ike na ike siri ike, nke bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa maka ọnọdụ ndị nwere mmetụta dị elu.

D. Ọ nwere mma iyi iguzogide na onwe-lubricating Njirimara;

E. Ọ nwere àgwà nke na-adịghị bonding na ihe ndị ọzọ;

F. The mmiri absorption ọnụego bụ 2 ka 2.5 ugboro ala karịa nke nkịtị naịlọn, mmiri absorption ọsọ bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ, na akụkụ kwụsie ike nke ngwaahịa dịkwa mma karịa nke nkịtị naịlọn;

G. Ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ nhazi na ihe ọkpụkpụ dị mfe. Enwere ike nkedo ya ozugbo ma ọ bụ dozie ya site na ịkpụ, karịsịa maka mmepụta nke nnukwu akụkụ, ngwaahịa dị iche iche na obere ihe na-esiri ike maka igwe ịkpụzi injection.

3.14 Naịlọn akpụziri mmeghachi omume injection (RIM naịlọn)

RIM naịlọn bụ ngọngọ copolymer nke nylon-6 na polyether. Mgbakwunye nke polyether na-eme ka ihe siri ike nke nylon RIM dịkwuo mma, karịsịa obere okpomọkụ siri ike, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na ike ime ka okpomọkụ dị mma mgbe ị na-ese ihe.

3.15 IPN nylon

IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) naịlọn nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ yiri ya na naịlọn bụ isi, mana ọ gbagoro n'ogo dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara ike mmetụta, nguzogide okpomọkụ, mmanu na nhazi. Resin IPN bụ ngwakọta agwakọta nke resin naịlọn na pellet nwere resin silicone nwere otu ọrụ vinyl ma ọ bụ otu ọrụ alkyl. N'oge nhazi, otu abụọ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ na resin silicone na-enweta mmeghachi omume na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mepụta resin silicone dị arọ nke IPN, nke na-eme usoro netwọk akụkụ atọ na resin nylon. Otú ọ dị, a na-emepụta crosslinking naanị otu akụkụ, na ngwaahịa emechara ga-aga n'ihu na-agafe n'oge nchekwa ruo mgbe ọ zuru ezu.

3.16 nylon eletrọnịnụ

Naịlọn eletrọnịkị juputara na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ịnweta ma nwee ike dị mma, ike siri ike, nguzogide okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike akụkụ. Ọ nwere otu ọdịdị ahụ dị ka ABS eletrọt, mana ọ kariri ABS electroplated na arụmọrụ.

The electroplating usoro ụkpụrụ nke naịlọn bụ isi ihe dị ka nke ABS, ya bụ, elu nke ngwaahịa na-akpa roughened site kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ (etching usoro), na mgbe ahụ catalyst na-adsorbed na belata (catalytic usoro), na mgbe ahụ chemical. A na-eme electroplating na electroplating iji mee ọla kọpa, nickel, ọla dị ka chromium na-etolite ihe nkiri siri ike, edo, siri ike na nke na-eduzi n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ.

3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide akpọrọ PI)

Polyimide (PI) bụ polymer nwere otu imide na agbụ isi. Ọ nwere oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na radieshon. Ọ nwere enweghị combustibility, eyi iguzogide na ezigbo akụkụ kwụsie ike na elu okpomọkụ. Mmekọahụ na-adịghị mma.

Aliphatic polyimide (PI): adịghị mma bara uru;

Aromatic polyimide (PI): bara uru (mmeghe na-esote bụ naanị maka PI aromatic).

A. PI okpomọkụ eguzogide: decomposition okpomọkụ 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃

(Ụfọdụ ụdị nwere ike idowe ihe anụ ahụ dị iche iche n'ime obere oge na 555 Celsius, enwere ike iji ya ogologo oge na 333 Celsius);

B. PI na-eguzogide oke okpomọkụ: ọ gaghị agbaji na nitrogen mmiri mmiri na -269 ° C;

C. PI ike igwe: Modules na-agbanwe agbanwe: 3 ~ 4GPa; eriri mesiri ike: 200 GPA; n'elu 260 ° C, mgbanwe nkwụsịtụ dị nwayọọ karịa aluminum;

D. PI nguzogide radieshon: kwụsiri ike n'okpuru oke okpomọkụ, oghere na radieshon, yana ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ọnụ ọgụgụ njide dị elu mgbe irradiation gasịrị;

Njirimara E.PI dielectric:

a. Dielectric mgbe niile: 3.4

b. Ọnwụ dielectric: 10-3

c. Dielectric ike: 100 ~ 300KV / mm

d. Nkwụghachi olu: 1017

F, PI creep resistance: na elu okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpụ akpụ dị ntakịrị karịa nke aluminom;

G. Esemokwu arụmọrụ: Mgbe PI VS metal rubs megide onye ọ bụla ọzọ na a akọrọ ala, ọ nwere ike nyefee esemokwu n'elu na-egwu onwe-lubricating ọrụ, na ọnụọgụgụ nke ike esemokwu dị nso na ọnụọgụ nke static esemokwu, nke. nwere ikike dị mma iji gbochie crawling.

H. ọghọm: ọnụ ahịa dị elu, nke na-egbochi ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị nkịtị.

All polyamides nwere ogo hygroscopicity. Mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị ka plasticizer na polyamides. Mgbe etinyere mmiri, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na eletriki na-ebelata, mana ike na elongation na nkwụsị na-abawanye.

Ụdị nylon (polyamide) na ntinye ngwa