Kodi Thermoplastic Polymers Ndi Yowopsa?

Thermoplastic polima ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki womwe ukhoza kusungunuka ndi kusinthidwa kangapo popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulongedza, magalimoto, zomangamanga, ndi zamankhwala. Komabe, pali nkhawa yomwe ikukula yokhudzana ndi kawopsedwe ka ma polima a thermoplastic komanso momwe amakhudzira thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.

Kuopsa kwa ma polima a thermoplastic depends pa zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mankhwala awo, zowonjezera, ndi njira processing. Ma polima ena a thermoplastic, monga polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ali ndi mankhwala oopsa monga phthalates, lead, ndi cadmium, yomwe imatha kutuluka muzinthuzo ndikuwononga chilengedwe ndi chakudya. PVC amadziwikanso kuti amamasula ma dioxin, gulu la poizoni kwambiri la mankhwala omwe angayambitse khansa, mavuto a ubereki ndi chitukuko, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Ma polima ena a thermoplastic, monga polyethylene (PE) ndi polypropylene (PP), amaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka komanso opanda poizoni kuposa PVC. Komabe, atha kukhalabe ndi zowonjezera monga zolimbitsa thupi, ma antioxidants, ndi mapulasitiki, omwe amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo ngati atasamuka ndikulowa m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mapulasitiki ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PE ndi PP, monga bisphenol A (BPA) ndi phthalates, akhala akugwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, mavuto a chitukuko, ndi khansa.

Kawopsedwe wa ma polima a thermoplastic nawonso depends pa njira zawo processing. Njira zina zogwirira ntchito, monga kuumba jekeseni ndi kutulutsa, zimatha kupanga utsi wapoizoni ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuwononga antchito ndi chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga polycarbonate (PC), polima ya thermoplastic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi ndi zipangizo zamankhwala, imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito bisphenol A (BPA), mankhwala omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni ndi khansa.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ma polima a thermoplastic, malamulo ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana yapangidwa kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi ogula. Mwachitsanzo, a EurOpenan Union yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma phthalates muzoseweretsa ndi zinthu zosamalira ana, ndipo United States yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito lead ndi cadmium muzinthu zogula. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ena apanga njira zina zotetezeka m'malo mwa ma polima achikhalidwe a thermoplastic, monga mapulasitiki owonongeka opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso.
Pomaliza, kawopsedwe wa ma polima a thermoplastic depeamatengera kapangidwe kawo ka mankhwala, zowonjezera, ndi njira zopangira. Ma polima ena a thermoplastic, monga PVC, ali ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amatha kutuluka m'zinthuzo ndikuwononga chilengedwe ndi chakudya. Ma polima ena a thermoplastic, monga PE ndi PP, amawonedwa ngati otetezeka koma amatha kukhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi ogula, malamulo ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana yapangidwa kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotetezeka.