Mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya polima ya thermoplastic

Thermoplastic polima ndi mtundu wa polima womwe umadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kusungunuka kenako kulimba r.epeedly popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa mankhwala ake kapena machitidwe ake. Thermoplastic polima amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulongedza, zida zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi, ndi zida zamankhwala, pakati pa ena.

Ma polima a thermoplastic amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya ma polima, monga ma polima a thermosetting ndi ma elastomer, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kusungunuka ndi kusinthidwa kangapo. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma polima a thermoplastic amapangidwa ndi maunyolo aatali a mamolekyu omwe amalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi mphamvu zofooka za intermolecular. Kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa polima ya thermoplastic, mphamvu za intermolecular izi zimafooketsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maunyolo aziyenda momasuka komanso zinthuzo kuti zikhale zosavuta.

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wa ma polima a thermoplastic ndi kusinthasintha kwawo. Zitha kupangidwa kuti zikhale ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana akuthupi ndi makina, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha, kulimba, mphamvu, ndi kukana kutentha, mankhwala, ndi kuwala kwa UV. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna mawonekedwe apadera.

Ubwino wina wa ma polima a thermoplastic ndi kuthekera kwawo kukonza. Chifukwa amatha kusungunuka ndi kusinthidwa kangapo, amatha kupangidwa mosavuta kukhala mawonekedwe ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga jekeseni, extrusion, kuwombera, ndi thermoforming. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala kusankha kotsika mtengo kwa kupanga kwakukulu kwa magawo ndi zigawo.

Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima a thermoplastic, iliyonse ili ndi zida zake komanso ntchito zake. Zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi izi:

1. polyethylene (PE): Polima ya thermoplastic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imadziwika ndi mtengo wake wotsika, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyika, mapaipi, ndi kutsekereza waya.
2. Polypropylene (PP): Polima ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi thermoplastic yomwe imadziwika ndi kuuma kwake, kulimba, komanso kukana kutentha ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zida zamagalimoto, zonyamula, ndi zida zamankhwala.
3. Polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC): Polima wa thermoplastic yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kulimba, komanso kukana moto ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapaipi, kutsekereza waya, ndi pansi.
4. Polystyrene (PS): Polima wa thermoplastic yemwe amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kumveka kwake, kusasunthika, komanso kutsika mtengo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulongedza, makapu otayika, komanso kutsekereza.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS): Polima ya thermoplastic yomwe imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake, kulimba, komanso kukana kutentha ndi mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zida zamagalimoto, zoseweretsa, ndi zamagetsi.

Kuphatikiza pa ma polima opangidwa ndi thermoplastic awa, pali mitundu ina yambiri yomwe ilipo, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake komanso ntchito zake. Zitsanzo zina zikuphatikizapo polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ndi fluoropolymers monga polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Pazonse, ma polima a thermoplastic ndi chisankho chosunthika komanso chotsika mtengo pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Kukhoza kwawo kusungunuka ndi kusinthidwa kangapo, kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe awo osiyanasiyana akuthupi ndi makina, kuwapanga kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali m'mafakitale ambiri.