Iintlobo zenayiloni (polyamide) kunye nokuqaliswa kwesicelo

1. I-Polyamide resin (polyamide), ebizwa ngokuba yi-PA, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNylon

2. Indlela ephambili yokubiza amagama: ngokwenani leathom zekhabhoni kwi-r nganyeepeiqela le-amide. Inombolo yokuqala ye-nomenclature ibhekisela kwinani le-athomu ye-carbon ye-diamine, kwaye inani elilandelayo libhekisela kwinani le-athomu ye-carbon ye-dicarboxylic acid.

3. Iintlobo zenayiloni:

3.1 Inayiloni-6 (PA6)

Inayiloni-6, ekwabizwa ngokuba yipolyamide-6, yipolycaprolactam. I-resin emhlophe ekhanyayo okanye e-opaque emhlophe.

3.2 Inayiloni-66 (PA66)

Inayiloni-66, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-66, yi-polyhexamethylene adipamide.

3.3 Inayiloni-1010 (PA1010)

Inayiloni-1010, ekwabizwa ngokuba yipolyamide-1010, yipolyseramide. Inayiloni-1010 yenziwe ngeoyile yecastor njengesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada, eluhlobo olulodwa kwilizwe lam. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yi-ductility yayo ephezulu, enokuthi yolulwe ukuya ku-3 ukuya ku-4 ubude bobude bokuqala, kwaye inamandla aphezulu okunyamezela, ukumelana nempembelelo ebalaseleyo kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi, kwaye ayinayo i-brittle kwi -60 ° C.

3.4 Inayiloni-610 (PA-610)

Inayiloni-610, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-610, yi-polyhexamethylene diamide. I-translucent bukhrim emhlophe. Amandla ayo aphakathi kwenylon-6 kunye nenylon-66. Umxhuzulane ocacileyo omncinci, ikristale ephantsi, impembelelo encinci emanzini kunye nokufuma, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, ukuzicima. Isetyenziswe kwiindawo zeplastiki ezichanekileyo, iipayipi zeoyile, izitya, iintambo, amabhanti okuhambisa, iibheringi, iigaskets, izinto zokukhusela kwizindlu zombane kunye ne-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo.

3.5 Inayiloni-612 (PA-612)

Inayiloni-612, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-612, yi-polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Inayiloni-612 luhlobo lwenayiloni enokuqina okungcono. Inendawo esezantsi yokunyibilika kunePA66 kwaye ithambile. Ukumelana nobushushu bayo kuyafana naleyo ye-PA6, kodwa inokumelana ne-hydrolysis egqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi. Olona setyenziso luphambili lunjengeebristles ze-monofilament kwiibrashi zamazinyo.

3.6 Inayiloni-11 (PA-11)

Inayiloni-11, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-11, yi-polyundecalactam. Umzimba omhlophe oguquguqukayo. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo bubushushu obunyibilikayo obunyibilikayo kunye nobushushu bokusebenza okubanzi, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle okunokugcinwa kwi--40 ° C ukuya kwi-120 ° C. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumbhobho weoyile yemoto, umbhobho we-brake system, i-optical fiber cable coating, ifilimu yokupakisha, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, njl.

3.7 Inayiloni-12 (PA-12)

Inayiloni-12, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-12, yi-polydodecamide. Iyafana neNylon-11, kodwa inoxinano olusezantsi, indawo yokunyibilika, kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi kuneNylon-11. Ngenxa yokuba iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-agent eqinisayo, ineempawu zokudibanisa i-polyamide kunye ne-polyolefin. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo bubushushu obuphezulu bokubola, ukufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yamafutha emoto, iipaneli zesixhobo, iipedali ze-accelerator, i-hoses ye-brake, izixhobo ezifunxa ingxolo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki, kunye neeshethi zentambo.

3.8 Inayiloni-46 (PA-46)

Inayiloni-46, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-46, yi-polybutylene adipamide. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ziyi-crystallinity ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-injini yemoto kunye nezinto ezijikelezayo, njengentloko yesilinda, isiseko se-oyile yesilinda, isivalo se-oyile, ukuhanjiswa.

Kumashishini ombane, isetyenziswe kwii-contactors, i-sockets, i-coil bobbins, i-switches kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna ukuxhathisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokukhathala.

3.9 Inayiloni-6T (PA-6T)

Inayiloni-6T, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-6T, yi-polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zichasene nobushushu obuphezulu (indawo yokunyibilika i-370 ° C, iqondo lokushisa leglasi liyi-180 ° C, kwaye lingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide kwi-200 ° C), amandla aphezulu, ubungakanani obuzinzile, kunye nokuchasana kwe-welding. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zemoto, isigqubuthelo sempompo ye-oyile, isihluzo somoya, iindawo zombane ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu njengebhodi yesiphelo sentambo, ifyuzi, njl.

3.10 Inayiloni-9T (PA-9T)

Inayiloni-9T, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide-6T, yi-polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zezi: ukufunxa amanzi aphantsi, izinga lokufunxa amanzi nge-0.17%; ukumelana nobushushu obuhle (indawo yokunyibilika yi-308 ° C, iqondo lokushisa lokutshintsha kweglasi yi-126 ° C), kwaye ubushushu bayo be-welding buphezulu njenge-290 ° C. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zombane, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zolwazi kunye nezixhobo zemoto.

3.11 Inayiloni ecacileyo (inayiloni enuka kamnandi)

Inayiloni ecacileyo yi-amorphous polyamide enegama lekhemikhali: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo yi-85% ukuya kwi-90%. Ithintela i-crystallization ye-nylon ngokongeza amacandelo ane-copolymerization kunye nezithintelo ze-steric kwi-nylon component, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa i-amorphous kunye ne-crystal-crystal structure, egcina amandla okuqala kunye nokuqina kwe-nylon, kunye nokufumana iimveliso ezicacileyo ezinodonga olungqingqwa. Iimpawu zomatshini, iipropati zombane, amandla omatshini kunye nokuqina kwe-nylon ecacileyo ziphantse zifana ne-PC kunye ne-polysulfone.

3.12 Ipoly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (inayiloni enuka kamnandi eshunqulelwe njengePPA)

I-Polyphthalamide (i-Polyphthalamide) yipolymer eqinile kakhulu kunye neqondo eliphezulu le-symmetry kunye nesiqhelo kwisakhiwo sayo se-molecular, kunye ne-hydrogen bonds eyomeleleyo phakathi kwamakhonkco e-macromolecular. Ipolymer ineempawu zamandla aphezulu, imodyuli ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxinana okuphantsi, ukushwabana okuncinci kwe-thermal, kunye nozinzo olulungileyo lwe-dimensional, kwaye inokwenziwa ibe yi-high-high-high-modulus fibers (igama lorhwebo lwefayibha yeDuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Yimpahla yomkhosi engangenwa bulletproof).

3.13 Inayiloni eyimonomer cast (imonomer cast Inayiloni ekubhekiswa kuyo njengenayiloni yeMC)

Inayiloni yeMC luhlobo lwenayiloni-6. Xa kuthelekiswa nenayiloni eqhelekileyo, inezi mpawu zilandelayo:

A. Iipropati ezingcono zoomatshini: Ubunzima be-molecular ye-MC nylon buphindwe kabini kunayiloni eqhelekileyo (10000-40000), malunga ne-35000-70000, ngoko inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, ukuxhathisa ukukhathala kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo. .

B. Inesandi esithile sokufunxa: Inayiloni yeMC inomsebenzi wokufunxa isandi, kwaye iyimpahla eyongayo nesebenzayo yokuthintela ingxolo yoomatshini, njengokwenza iigiya ngayo.

C. Ukuqina okuhle: Iimveliso zenayiloni zeMC azivelisi deformation esisigxina xa igobile, kwaye igcine amandla kunye nokuqina, into ebaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezixhomekeke kwimithwalo yempembelelo ephezulu.

D. Inokumelana nokunxiba ngcono kunye neempawu zokuzithambisa;

E. Ineempawu zokungadibanisi nezinye izinto;

F. Izinga lokufunxa kwamanzi li-2 ukuya ku-2.5 ngamaxesha angaphantsi kuneloniloni eqhelekileyo, isantya sokufunxa amanzi sihamba kancinane, kwaye ukuzinza komgangatho wemveliso nako kungcono kuneloni eqhelekileyo;

G. Ukwenza izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokubumba zilula. Inokuthi iphoswe ngokuthe ngqo okanye iqhutywe ngokusika, ngokukodwa ifanelekileyo ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amakhulu, iindidi ezininzi kunye neemveliso ezincinci ezilukhuni ukuvelisa umatshini wokubumba umjovo.

3.14 Inayiloni eBunjiweyo yeNayiloni yeReaction (RIM Nylon)

I-RIM inayiloni yi-block copolymer yenayiloni-6 kunye ne-polyether. Ukongezwa kwe-polyether kuphucula ukuqina kwe-RIM nylon, ngokukodwa ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuphucula ubushushu bokubhaka xa upeyinta.

3.15 IPN inayiloni

I-IPN (I-Interpenetrating Polymer Network) inayiloni ineempawu zomatshini ezifanayo kwinayiloni esisiseko, kodwa iye yaphucuka ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo ngokweempembelelo zamandla, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuthambisa kunye nokuqhubekeka. I-IPN ye-nylon resin yi-pellet edibeneyo eyenziwe nge-nylon resin kunye neepellets ezine-silicone resin kunye namaqela asebenzayo e-vinyl okanye amaqela asebenzayo e-alkyl. Ngethuba lokucubungula, amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo asebenzayo kwi-resin ye-silicone afumana i-resin-linking reaction reaction ukuze enze i-IPN ye-high-high molecular weight silicone resin, eyenza i-network-dimensional network structure kwisiseko se-nylon resin. Nangona kunjalo, i-crosslinking yenziwa kuphela ngokuyinxenye, kwaye imveliso egqityiweyo iya kuqhubeka i-crosslink ngexesha lokugcinwa de igqitywe.

3.16 Inayiloni yombane

I-nylon ene-electroplated igcwele izihluzi zamaminerali kwaye inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina, ukuchasana nobushushu kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Inenkangeleko efanayo ne-ABS ye-electroplated, kodwa idlula kude i-ABS ye-electroplated ekusebenzeni.

Umgaqo wenkqubo ye-electroplating yenayiloni ngokusisiseko iyafana naleyo ye-ABS, oko kukuthi, umphezulu wemveliso kuqala urhabaxa ngonyango lwekhemikhali (inkqubo yokuqhafaza), kwaye ke i-catalyst idsorbed kwaye iyancipha (inkqubo ye-catalytic), kwaye emva koko ikhemikhali. i-electroplating kunye ne-electroplating zenziwa ukwenza ubhedu, i-nickel, i-Metals ezifana ne-chromium ifom ye-dense, iyunifomu, ifilimu enzima kunye ne-conductive ebusweni bemveliso.

3.17 I-Polyimide (I-Polyimide ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-PI)

I-Polyimide (PI) i-polymer equkethe amaqela emide kwikhonkco eliphambili. Inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nemitha. Inokungatsha, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukwabelana ngesondo kakubi.

I-Aliphatic polyimide (PI): ukusebenza kakubi;

I-aromatic polyimide (PI): iyasebenziseka (le intshayelelo ilandelayo yeyokuvumba kwe-PI kuphela).

A. PI ukumelana nobushushu: ubushushu bokubola 500℃～600℃

(Ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukugcina iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ngexesha elifutshane kwi-555 ° C, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide kwi-333 ° C);

B. PI imelana nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu: ayiyi kuqhawuka kulwelo lwenitrogen kwi -269°C;

C. Amandla omatshini we-PI: Imodyuli yeelastiki engaqiniswanga: 3 ~ 4GPa; ifayibha eyomeleziweyo: 200 GPa; ngaphezu kwe-260 ° C, utshintsho lwe-tensile lucotha kune-aluminium;

D. I-PI ukuxhathisa kwi-radiation: izinzile phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, i-vacuum kunye ne-radiation, kunye nomcimbi ongaphantsi kwe-volatile. Isantya esiphezulu sokugcinwa kwamandla emva kokukhanya;

E. PI iipropati zedielectric:

a. I-Dielectric engatshintshiyo: 3.4

b. Ilahleko yeDielectric: 10-3

c. Amandla eDielectric: 100 ~ 300KV/mm

d. Ukumelana nomthamo: 1017

F, i-PI creep resistance: kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokunyuka lincinci kune-aluminium;

G. Ukusebenza kwe-Friction: Xa i-PI VS yesinyithi ikhuhla omnye komnye kwindawo eyomileyo, inokutshintshela kumphezulu we-friction kwaye idlale indima yokuzithambisa, kwaye i-coefficient of friction dynamic isondele kakhulu kwi-coefficient of friction static, leyo. inamandla okuthintela ukukhasa.

H. Ukungalungi: ixabiso eliphezulu, elinciphisa isicelo kumashishini aqhelekileyo asekuhlaleni.

Zonke iipolyamides zinezinga elithile le-hygroscopicity. Amanzi asebenza njengeplastiki kwiipolyamides. Emva kokufunxa amanzi, uninzi lweepropathi zoomatshini kunye nombane ziyancipha, kodwa ukuqina kunye nokuphakama ngexesha lekhefu kuyanda.

Iintlobo zenayiloni (polyamide) kunye nokuqaliswa kwesicelo