Udidi: Yintoni iPolyamide?

I-Polyamide, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinayiloni, yipolymer eyenziweyo esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokuqina. Yaqala ukuphuhliswa ngoo-1930 liqela leenzululwazi zaseDuPont, elikhokelwa nguWallace Carothers, kwaye ukusukela ngoko yaba yenye yezona plastiki zibalulekileyo zobunjineli emhlabeni.

I-Polyamide luhlobo lwepolima ye-thermoplastic eyenziwa ngokudibanisa i-diamine kunye ne-dicarboxylic acid ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-polycondensation. I-polymer enesiphumo ine-arepeiyunithi yokuthambisa yamaqela e-amide (-CO-NH-) eyinika iimpawu zayo. I-polyamide eqhelekileyo yi-nylon 6,6, eyenziwe kwi-hexamethylenediamine kunye ne-adipic acid.

I-Polyamide inenani leempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Yimpahla eyomeleleyo kwaye ehlala ixesha elide enokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezisebenza kakhulu ezifana nezixhobo zemoto, izixhobo zombane kunye noomatshini boshishino. Ikwamelana neekhemikhali, i-abrasion, kunye nefuthe, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukumelana neendawo ezisingqongileyo.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zepolyamide kukuguquguquka kwayo. Inokubunjwa ngokulula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemilo kunye nobukhulu, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi. Inokuthi iqiniswe ngezinye izinto ezifana neentsinga zeglasi okanye i-carbon fibers ukunyusa amandla kunye nokuqina kwayo.

I-Polyamide isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, kubandakanya iimoto, i-aerospace, i-electronics, kunye nempahla yabathengi. Kwishishini leemoto, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ezifana nezigqumathelo ze-injini, izinto ezininzi zokuthatha umoya, kunye neetanki zamafutha. Kwishishini le-aerospace, isetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo afana namalungu enjini yenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo. Kwishishini le-elektroniki, isetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo afana nezihlanganisi, iiswitshi, kunye neebhodi zesekethe. Kwishishini lempahla yabathengi, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezinje ngempahla, imithwalo, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo.

I-Polyamide iye yasetyenziswa kwishishini lezonyango kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-sutures yotyando, ii-catheters, kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neenkqubo zokuvala inzala.

Ukuqukumbela, i-polyamide yipolymer eyenziwe ngezinto ezininzi kwaye ehlala ixesha elide enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa zenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifuna amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-polyamide iya kuqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.