TPU Material - Cikakken Bincike
Mene ne TPU
TPU is polyurethane mai zafi da zafi, wani nau'in polyurethane wanda za a iya dumama shi kuma a ƙera shi, sannan a narkar da shi a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa. Idan aka kwatanta da polyurethane da aka haɗa da aka ƙera, polyurethane mai thermoplastic ba shi da alaƙar sinadarai ko kaɗan ko babu haɗin sinadarai a cikin tsarin sinadaransa, kuma ƙwayoyin halittarsa suna layi-layi, amma akwai wani adadin musayar zahiri.
Schollenberge CS ne ya fara gabatar da manufar musanya ta jiki a cikin 1958, wanda ke nufin "ma'aunin haɗin gwiwa" tsakanin sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin polyurethane na linzamin da ke da zafi ko kuma mai narkewa a cikin kaushi. Ba ainihin hanyar haɗin gwiwar sinadarai ba ne, amma yana taka rawar hanyar haɗin gwiwar sinadarai. Sakamakon tasirin wannan musayar jiki, polyurethane ya samar da ka'idar ilimin halittar jiki mai yawa, kuma haɗin gwiwar hydrogen na polyurethane yana haɓaka yanayin halittarsa kuma ya sa ya fi tsayayya da zafi mai girma.
Rarrabuwa na TPU
Yanzu mun san me TPU shine, mene ne rabe-rabensa? Dangane da ma'auni daban-daban, TPU kayan na iya samun rarrabuwa daban-daban.
Alal misali, bisa ga tsarin sassa mai laushi, ana iya raba su zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether, da nau'in butadiene, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ester, ether, ko butene, bi da bi. Dangane da tsarin sashi mai wuya, ana iya raba su zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urethane urea, waɗanda aka samu ta hanyar sarkar diol ko sarkar diamine, bi da bi. Rarraba da aka saba amfani da shi ya kasu zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.
Dangane da ko akwai haɗin giciye, ana iya raba shi zuwa thermoplastic mai tsabta da Semi-thermoplastic. Tsohuwar tsantsa mai tsaftataccen tsari ne ba tare da haɗin kai ba, yayin da na ƙarshe ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin haɗin haɗin giciye irin su urethane methacrylate. Bisa ga yin amfani da ƙãre kayayyakin, shi za a iya raba zuwa musamman-dimbin yawa sassa (daban-daban inji sassa), bututu (sheaths, sanda profiles), fina-finai (sheets, bakin ciki faranti), kazalika da adhesives, coatings, zaruruwa, da dai sauransu.
Ta yaya TPU hada
TPU, daga tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, yana da polyurethane. To ta yaya ake hada shi?
A cewar daban-daban kira matakai, shi ne yafi raba zuwa girma polymerization da kuma bayani polymerization.
A cikin nau'in polymerization mai yawa, ana iya ƙara rarraba shi zuwa pre-polymerization da hanyar mataki ɗaya bisa ko akwai pre-reaction.
- Pre-polymerization ya haɗa da amsa diisocyanate tare da diol mai nauyi na ƙwayoyin cuta na wani ɗan lokaci, sa'an nan kuma ƙara mai shimfiɗa sarkar don samarwa. TPU.
- Hanyar mataki ɗaya ta haɗa da haɗa babban nauyin kwayoyin diol, diisocyanate, da sarkar mai shimfiɗa tare don amsawa da samarwa. TPU.
Maganin polymerization ya haɗa da narkar da diisocyanate a cikin sauran ƙarfi, ƙara diol mai nauyi mai nauyi don amsawa na wani ɗan lokaci, kuma a ƙarshe ƙara sarkar sarkar don samarwa. TPU.
Nau'in TPU yanki mai laushi, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, abun ciki na sassa masu wuya ko taushi, da TPU aggregation jihar zai shafi yawa na TPU, wanda ke kusan tsakanin 1.10 da 1.25, ba tare da wani gagarumin bambanci daga sauran robar da robobi ba.
A daidai wannan taurin, da yawa na polyether TPU ya yi ƙasa da na polyester TPU.
Ta yaya TPU kayan sarrafawa
TPU Ana sarrafa kayan ta hanyoyi daban-daban don samar da samfurin ƙarshe bayan haɗakarwa TPU barbashi.Babban hanyoyin da ake amfani da su TPU sarrafawa shine sarrafa narke da sarrafa bayani.
Tsarin narkewa shine tsari na yau da kullun da ake amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar filastik: kamar hadawa, calending, extrusion, gyare-gyaren busa, da gyare-gyare (ciki har da allura, matsawa, canja wuri, da gyare-gyaren centrifugal). Sarrafa Magani ya haɗa da narkar da barbashi a cikin sauran ƙarfi ko kuma sanya su kai tsaye a cikin sauran ƙarfi don samar da mafita, wanda sai a shafa ko kuma a jujjuya su.
TPU baya buƙatar vulcanization haɗin haɗin kai don samar da samfur na ƙarshe, wanda zai iya rage sake zagayowar samarwa, kuma ana iya sake yin amfani da kayan sharar gida da sake amfani da su.
Aiki na TPU material
Ana amfani da kayan aiki sosai saboda yana da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma TPU ba togiya. Kamar simintin gyare-gyaren polyurethane (ruwa) da kuma polyurethane mai gauraya (m), TPU yana da modules mai girma, ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓaka mai girma, haɓaka mai girma, ingantaccen juriya, juriya mai, ƙarancin zafin jiki, da juriya na tsufa. Daga cikin su, high tensile ƙarfi, babban elongation, da kuma low dogon lokaci matsawa m nakasawa kudi ne gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni daga TPU.
The inji Properties na TPU za a yi bayani dalla-dalla daga bangarorin ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓakawa, juriya, da tauri.
1.High ƙarfi ƙarfi da babban elongation
TPU yana da kyau kwarai ƙarfi ƙarfi da elongation. Daga bayanan da ke cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, za mu iya ganin cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da elongation na polyether TPU sun yi nisa da PVC robobi da roba.
Bugu da kari, TPU zai iya biyan buƙatun masana'antar abinci ba tare da ko tare da ƙarin abubuwan ƙari ba yayin sarrafawa, wanda ke da wahala ga sauran kayan kamar PVC da roba don cimmawa.
2.Resilience yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki
Da juriya na TPU yana nufin matakin da ya dawo da sauri zuwa matsayinsa na asali bayan an saki danniya na nakasa, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar makamashin farfadowa, wato, rabon nakasar da aka sake komawa zuwa aikin da ake bukata don samar da nakasar. Yana da aiki na modules mai ƙarfi da juzu'i na ciki na jiki na roba, kuma yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki.
sassa masu laushi na TPU sune PTMG, PCL, da PBA, tare da ma'aunin kwayoyin dangi na 1000 da 2000, bi da bi; da wuya segments ne MDI-BDO, tare da wuya sashe abun ciki na 48.2% (PCL-1250 ne 42.7%) da 31.7%, da r0 = 1.05 prepolymer kira.
Kamar yadda ake tsammani, juriya yana raguwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki har sai wani zafin jiki, sannan elasticity yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Wannan zafin jiki shine zafin jiki mai laushi mai laushi, wanda aka ƙaddara ta tsarin macromolecular diol kuma yana da ƙasa don polyether. TPU fiye da polyester TPU. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da zafin jiki na crystallization, jiki na roba ya zama mai wuyar gaske kuma ya rasa elasticity, don haka juriya yana kama da sake dawowa daga saman karfe mai wuya.
3.Hardness kewayon shine Shore A60 ~ D80
Taurin manuniya ce ta ikon abu don tsayayya da nakasu, karce, da gogewa.
TPU Yawanci ana auna taurin ta amfani da Shore A da Shore D masu gwada tauri, tare da Shore A da ake amfani da ita don laushi TPU da Shore D da aka yi amfani da su don wahala TPU.
Domin taurin TPU ana iya daidaita shi ta hanyar daidaita rabon sassa masu laushi da wuya, TPU yana da kewayon tauri mai faɗi mai faɗi, tare da kewayon taurin Shore A60 ~ D80, yana ɗaukar taurin roba da robobi, da elasticity mai girma a cikin kewayon taurin duka.
Tare da canje-canje a cikin taurin, wasu kaddarorin TPU zai canza. Misali, kara taurin TPU zai haifar da haɓakar haɓakar ƙwanƙwasa da ƙarfin hawaye, ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi da damuwa mai ƙarfi (ƙarfin kaya), rage haɓakawa a lokacin hutu, ƙãra yawa da haɓakar zafi mai ƙarfi, da haɓaka juriya na muhalli.
Amfanin TPU
A cikin 1958, kamfanin na Amurka Goodrich Chemicals (yanzu an sake masa suna Lubrizol) ya fara yin rajista. TPU iri sunan Estane, kuma tun daga nan, fiye da 20 iri sunayen TPU sun bayyana a duk duniya a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, tare da samfurori da yawa don kowane iri. A matsayin babban aikin elastomer, TPU yana da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen samfuri masu yawa, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin buƙatun yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasan yara, kayan ado, da sauran fannoni. Ga ‘yan misalai:
1. Takalma
TPU ana amfani da shi a cikin takalma musamman saboda kyakkyawan elasticity da juriya. Kayayyakin takalmin da ke ɗauke da su TPU sun fi jin daɗin sawa fiye da samfuran takalmi na yau da kullun, sabili da haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfuran takalmi masu tsayi, musamman a wasu wasanni da takalma na yau da kullun.
2. hoses
TPU Ana amfani da hoses sosai a cikin kasar Sin a matsayin iskar gas da man fetur don jirgin sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, kayan aikin inji, da sauran kayan aikin injiniya saboda sassaucin su, kyakkyawan ƙarfin ƙarfi, juriya mai tasiri, da tsayin daka da ƙananan zafin jiki.
3. Kebul
TPU yana ba da juriya na hawaye, juriya, da halaye na lanƙwasawa, kuma tsayin daka da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin na USB. Don haka, a kasuwannin kasar Sin, TPU ana amfani da igiyoyi masu tsayi irin su igiyoyi masu sarrafawa da igiyoyin wuta don kare kayan rufewa na ƙirar igiyoyi masu rikitarwa, kuma amfani da shi yana ƙara yaduwa.
4. Kayan Aikin Lafiya
TPU aminci ne, karko, kuma mai inganci PVC maye gurbin kayan da ba ya ƙunshi sinadarai masu cutarwa kamar phthalates, kuma baya haifar da lahani lokacin da aka canza shi zuwa jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin catheters na likita ko jakunkuna na likita. Musamman ɓullo da extrusion da allura sa TPU za a iya amfani da sauƙi tare da data kasance PVC kayan aiki tare da gyare-gyare kaɗan.
