Nau'in nailan (polyamide) da gabatarwar aikace-aikace
1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), wanda ake kira PA, wanda aka fi sani da Nylon
2. Babban hanyar suna: bisa ga adadin carbon atom a cikin kowane repekungiyar amide. Lamba na farko na nomenclature yana nufin adadin carbon atom na diamine, kuma lambar mai zuwa tana nufin adadin carbon atom na dicarboxylic acid.
3. Nau'in nailan:
3.1 Nailan-6 (PA6)
Nylon-6, kuma aka sani da polyamide-6, shine polycaprolactam. Farar guduro mai jujjuyawa ko bayyanuwa.
3.2 Nailan-66 (PA66)
Nylon-66, kuma aka sani da polyamide-66, shine polyhexamethylene adipamide.
3.3 Nailan-1010 (PA1010)
Nylon-1010, kuma aka sani da polyamide-1010, shine polyseramide. Nylon-1010 an yi shi ne da man kasko a matsayin kayan masarufi na yau da kullun, wanda shine nau'i na musamman a cikin ƙasata. Babban fasalinsa shine babban ductility, wanda za'a iya shimfiɗa shi zuwa 3 zuwa 4 sau na asali, kuma yana da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ingantaccen tasiri mai juriya da ƙarancin zafin jiki, kuma ba shi da ƙarfi a -60 ° C.
3.4 Nailan-610 (PA-610)
Nylon-610, kuma aka sani da polyamide-610, shine polyhexamethylene diamide. Farin kirim ne mai translucent. Ƙarfinsa yana tsakanin nailan-6 da nailan-66. Ƙananan ƙayyadaddun nauyi, ƙananan crystallinity, ƙananan tasiri akan ruwa da zafi, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kashe kai. An yi amfani da shi a daidaitattun sassa na filastik, bututun mai, kwantena, igiyoyi, bel na jigilar kaya, bearings, gaskets, kayan rufewa a cikin gidaje na lantarki da lantarki da kayan aiki.
3.5 Nailan-612 (PA-612)
Nylon-612, kuma aka sani da polyamide-612, shine polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Nylon-612 wani nau'i ne na nailan tare da mafi kyawun tauri. Yana da ƙarancin narkewa fiye da PA66 kuma ya fi laushi. Juriyar zafinsa yayi kama da na PA6, amma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na hydrolysis da kwanciyar hankali mai girma, da ƙarancin sha ruwa. Babban amfani shine azaman bristles na monofilament don buroshin hakori.
3.6 Nailan-11 (PA-11)
Nylon-11, wanda kuma aka sani da polyamide-11, shine polyundecalactam. Farin jiki mai translucent. Siffofinsa masu ban sha'awa sune ƙananan zafin jiki na narkewa da zafin jiki mai faɗi, ƙarancin sha ruwa, ƙarancin zafin jiki mai kyau, da sassauci mai kyau wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi a -40 ° C zuwa 120 ° C. Yafi amfani da mota mai mai, birki tsarin tiyo, Tantancewar fiber na USB shafi, marufi fim, yau da kullum bukatun, da dai sauransu.
3.7 Nailan-12 (PA-12)
Nylon-12, wanda kuma aka sani da polyamide-12, shine polydodecamide. Yana kama da Nylon-11, amma yana da ƙananan yawa, wurin narkewa, da shayar ruwa fiye da nailan-11. Domin ya ƙunshi babban adadin ma'auni mai ƙarfi, yana da kaddarorin hada polyamide da polyolefin. Fitattun fasalulluka shine babban zafin jiki na bazuwa, ƙarancin sha ruwa da kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarancin zafi. An fi amfani da shi a cikin bututun mai na mota, fale-falen kayan aiki, fedals masu sauri, hoses birki, abubuwan da ke ɗauke da hayaniya na kayan lantarki, da kwas ɗin igiyoyi.
3.8 Nailan-46 (PA-46)
Nylon-46, wanda kuma aka sani da polyamide-46, shine polybutylene adipamide. Siffofinsa masu ban sha'awa sune babban crystallinity, juriya mai zafi, babban ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. An fi amfani dashi a cikin injin mota da abubuwan da ke gefe, kamar shugaban Silinda, gindin silinda mai, murfin hatimin mai, watsawa.
A cikin masana'antar lantarki, ana amfani da shi a cikin masu tuntuɓar juna, soket, bobbins na coil, masu sauyawa da sauran filayen da ke buƙatar juriya mai zafi da juriya ga gajiya.
3.9 Nailan-6T (PA-6T)
Nylon-6T, kuma aka sani da polyamide-6T, shine polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Siffofinsa masu ban sha'awa sune tsayin daka na zafin jiki (madaidaicin narkewa shine 370 ° C, yanayin canjin gilashin shine 180 ° C, kuma ana iya amfani dashi na dogon lokaci a 200 ° C), ƙarfin ƙarfi, girman barga, da juriya mai kyau na walda. An fi amfani da shi a sassa na kera motoci, murfin famfo mai, matattarar iska, sassan lantarki masu jure zafi kamar allon igiyar waya, fis, da sauransu.
3.10 Nailan-9T (PA-9T)
Nylon-9T, kuma aka sani da polyamide-6T, shine polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Fitattun fasalolinsa sune: ƙarancin sha ruwa, yawan sha ruwa na 0.17%; Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi (madaidaicin narkewa shine 308 ° C, yanayin canjin gilashin shine 126 ° C), kuma zafin waldansa ya kai 290 ° C. An fi amfani dashi a cikin kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki, kayan aikin bayanai da sassan mota.
3.11 Nailan mai haske (nailan mai kamshi na rabin kamshi)
Nailan mai haske shine polyamide amorphous tare da sunan sinadarai: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Watsawar haske na bayyane shine 85% zuwa 90%. Yana hana crystallization na nailan ta ƙara abubuwa tare da copolymerization da steric shinge ga nailan bangaren, game da shi samar da wani amorphous da wuya-to-crystalize tsarin, wanda ke kula da asali ƙarfi da taurin nailan, da kuma samun m m kauri-banga kayayyakin. Kaddarorin injiniyoyi, kaddarorin lantarki, ƙarfin injina da ƙaƙƙarfan nailan na zahiri kusan suna daidai da matakin PC da polysulfone.
3.12 Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (nailan aromatic da aka rage a matsayin PPA)
Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) wani polymer ne mai tsauri sosai tare da babban matakin daidaitawa da daidaitawa a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa, da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen mai ƙarfi tsakanin sarƙoƙi na macromolecular. Polymer yana da halaye na babban ƙarfi, babban modulus, juriya mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙaramin ƙarancin thermal, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma ana iya sanya shi cikin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, filaye masu ƙima (sunan cinikin fiber na DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Shine kayan suturar harsashi na soja).
3.13 Monomer simintin nailan (monomer simintin Nylon da ake kira MC nailan)
MC nailan nau'in nailan-6 ne. Idan aka kwatanta da nailan na yau da kullun, yana da halaye masu zuwa:
A. Better inji Properties: The zumunta kwayoyin nauyi na MC nailan ne sau biyu na talakawa nailan (10000-40000), game da 35000-70000, don haka yana da babban ƙarfi, mai kyau taurin, tasiri juriya, gajiya juriya da kuma mai kyau creep juriya. .
B. Yana da takamaiman ɗaukar sauti: MC nailan yana da aikin ɗaukar sauti, kuma abu ne mai ƙarancin tattalin arziki da aiki don hana hayaniyar injina, kamar yin kaya da shi.
C. Kyakkyawan juriya: samfuran nailan na MC ba sa haifar da nakasu na dindindin lokacin lanƙwasa, kuma suna kula da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, wanda shine muhimmin mahimmanci ga yanayin da ke ƙarƙashin babban tasirin tasiri.
D. Yana da mafi kyawun juriya da kayan shafa mai;
E. Yana da halaye na rashin haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu kayan;
F. Matsakaicin shayarwar ruwa shine sau 2 zuwa 2.5 ƙasa da na nailan na yau da kullun, saurin shayarwar ruwa yana da hankali, kuma daidaiton girman samfurin shima ya fi na nailan na yau da kullun;
G. Ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da ƙira suna da sauƙi. Ana iya jefa shi kai tsaye ko yankan ta yankan, musamman da ya dace da samar da manyan sassan, iri-iri da ƙananan samfuran da ke da ƙananan ingaran da zasu samar.
3.14 Reaction Allurar Molded Nailan (RIM Nylon)
RIM nailan shine toshe copolymer na nailan-6 da polyether. Bugu da ƙari na polyether yana inganta ƙarfin RIM nailan, musamman ma ƙananan zafin jiki, kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, da kuma ikon inganta yanayin yin burodi lokacin yin zane.
3.15 IPN nailan
IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) nailan yana da irin wannan kaddarorin inji zuwa nailan na asali, amma ya inganta zuwa digiri daban-daban dangane da ƙarfin tasiri, juriyar zafi, lubricity da iya aiki. IPN resin nailan wani haɗe-haɗe ne da aka yi da resin nailan da pellet ɗin da ke ɗauke da guduro silicone tare da ƙungiyoyin aikin vinyl ko ƙungiyoyin aikin alkyl. Yayin aiki, ƙungiyoyin ayyuka daban-daban guda biyu akan guduro na silicone suna jujjuya halayen haɗin kai don samar da guduro mai nauyin nauyin kwayoyin IPN, wanda ke samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku a cikin resin nailan na asali. Koyaya, haɗin haɗin gwiwa an ƙirƙira shi ne kawai, kuma samfurin da aka gama zai ci gaba da haɗewa yayin ajiya har sai ya cika.
3.16 Nailan lantarki
Nailan da aka zaɓa yana cike da ma'adinan ma'adinai kuma yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfi, tsauri, juriya mai zafi da kwanciyar hankali. Yana da kamanni ɗaya da na ABS mai lantarki, amma ya zarce ABS mai lantarki a cikin aiki.
Ƙa'idar aikin lantarki na nailan shine ainihin daidai da na ABS, wato, saman samfurin yana farawa ta hanyar maganin sinadarai (tsarin etching), sa'an nan kuma mai kara kuzari yana adsorbed kuma an rage shi (tsarin catalytic), sa'an nan kuma sinadaran. Electroplating da electroplating ana yin su don yin jan karfe, nickel, karafa irin su chromium suna samar da fim mai yawa, uniform, tauri da gudanarwa a saman samfurin.
3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide da ake kira PI)
Polyimide (PI) polymer ne mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin imide a cikin babban sarkar. Yana da babban juriya na zafi da juriya na radiation. Yana da rashin konewa, juriya na sawa da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau a yanayin zafi. Rashin jima'i.
Aliphatic polyimide (PI): rashin aiki mara kyau;
Aromatic polyimide (PI): m (gabatarwa mai zuwa shine kawai don PI aromatic).
A. PI zafi juriya: bazuwar zazzabi 500℃～600℃
(Wasu nau'in na iya kula da kaddarorin jiki daban-daban a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a 555 ° C, kuma ana iya amfani da su na dogon lokaci a 333 ° C);
B. PI yana da juriya ga ƙananan zafi: ba zai karya a cikin ruwa nitrogen a -269 ° C;
C. PI ƙarfin inji: Ƙarfin roba mara ƙarfi: 3 ~ 4GPa; fiber ƙarfafa: 200 GPA; sama da 260 ° C, canjin tensile yana da hankali fiye da aluminum;
D. PI juriya na radiation: barga a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki, vacuum da radiation, tare da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta. Babban ƙarfin riƙewa bayan sakawa a iska;
E. PI dielectric Properties:
a. Dielectric akai-akai: 3.4
b. Rashin wutar lantarki: 10-3
c. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki: 100 ~ 300KV / mm
d. Adadin juriya: 1017
F, PI juriya creep: a babban zafin jiki, ƙimar raƙuman ruwa ya fi na aluminum;
G. Gogayya aiki: Lokacin da PI VS karfe rub da juna a cikin bushe yanayi, zai iya canjawa wuri zuwa gogayya surface da kuma taka mai kai-lubricating rawa, da kuma coefficient na tsauri gogayya yana kusa da coefficient na a tsaye gogayya, wanda. yana da kyakkyawan ikon hana rarrafe.
H. Disadvantages: high price, wanda iyakance aikace-aikace a cikin talakawa farar hula masana'antu.
Duk polyamides suna da takamaiman matakin hygroscopicity. Ruwa yana aiki azaman filastik a cikin polyamides. Bayan shayar da ruwa, yawancin kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki suna raguwa, amma tauri da haɓakawa a lokacin hutu suna ƙaruwa.
Nau'in nailan (polyamide) da gabatarwar aikace-aikace