Mitundu ya nayiloni (polyamide) ndikuyambitsa ntchito
1. Polyamide resin (polyamide), yotchedwa PA, yomwe imadziwika kuti Nylon
2. Njira yayikulu yotchulira mayina: molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma atomu a carbon mu r iliyonseepegulu la amide. Nambala yoyamba ya nomenclature imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa maatomu a carbon a diamine, ndipo nambala yotsatirayi ikutanthauza chiwerengero cha maatomu a carbon a dicarboxylic acid.
3. Mitundu ya nayiloni:
3.1 Nayiloni-6 (PA6)
Nylon-6, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-6, ndi polycaprolactam. Translucent kapena opaque milky white resin.
3.2 Nayiloni-66 (PA66)
Nylon-66, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-66, ndi polyhexamethylene adipamide.
3.3 Nayiloni-1010 (PA1010)
Nylon-1010, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-1010, ndi polyseramide. Nylon-1010 imapangidwa ndi mafuta a castor monga zopangira zoyambira, zomwe ndi mitundu yapadera mdziko langa. Chinthu chake chachikulu ndi ductility yake yapamwamba, yomwe imatha kutambasulidwa mpaka 3 mpaka 4 kutalika kwake koyambirira, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kwambiri, kukana kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa kutentha, ndipo sikuwonongeka pa -60 ° C.
3.4 nayiloni-610 (PA-610)
Nylon-610, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-610, ndi polyhexamethylene diamide. Ndi yoyera yoyera. Mphamvu yake ili pakati pa nayiloni-6 ndi nayiloni-66. Small enieni yokoka, otsika crystallinity, pang'ono chikoka pa madzi ndi chinyezi, wabwino azithunzithunzi bata, kudziletsa okha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane mbali pulasitiki, mapaipi mafuta, muli, zingwe, malamba conveyor, mayendedwe, gaskets, insulating zipangizo mu magetsi ndi zamagetsi ndi zida nyumba.
3.5 nayiloni-612 (PA-612)
Nylon-612, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-612, ndi polyhexamethylene dodecylamide. Nylon-612 ndi mtundu wa nayiloni wokhala ndi kulimba bwino. Ili ndi malo osungunuka otsika kuposa PA66 ndipo ndi yofewa. Kukana kwake kutentha ndi kofanana ndi PA6, koma kumakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kwa hydrolysis ndi kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika. Ntchito yaikulu ndi monga monofilament bristles kwa mswachi.
3.6 nayiloni-11 (PA-11)
Nylon-11, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-11, ndi polyundecalactam. Thupi loyera lowoneka bwino. Mawonekedwe ake odziwika bwino ndi kutentha kotsika kosungunuka ndi kutentha kwakukulu kokonzekera, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, kutsika kwabwino kwa kutentha, komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino komwe kumatha kusungidwa pa -40 ° C mpaka 120 ° C. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi amafuta agalimoto, payipi ya brake system, zokutira chingwe cha fiber optical, filimu yonyamula, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku, etc.
3.7 nayiloni-12 (PA-12)
Nylon-12, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-12, ndi polydodecamide. Ndilofanana ndi Nylon-11, koma ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, malo osungunuka, ndi kuyamwa madzi kuposa nayiloni-11. Chifukwa lili ndi kuchuluka kwa toughening agent, ili ndi mphamvu zophatikizira polyamide ndi polyolefin. Mawonekedwe ake odziwika bwino ndi kutentha kwakukulu kowola, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamapaipi amafuta amagalimoto, mapanelo a zida, ma accelerator pedals, ma brake hoses, zida zotulutsa phokoso pazida zamagetsi, ndi ma waya a chingwe.
3.8 nayiloni-46 (PA-46)
Nylon-46, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-46, ndi polybutylene adipamide. mawonekedwe ake chapadera ndi mkulu crystallinity, mkulu kutentha kukana, mkulu rigidity ndi mkulu mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini zamagalimoto ndi zida zotumphukira, monga mutu wa silinda, maziko a silinda yamafuta, chivundikiro cha chisindikizo chamafuta, kufalitsa.
M'makampani amagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizana, zitsulo, ma coil bobbins, masiwichi ndi magawo ena omwe amafunikira kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutopa.
3.9 Nylon-6T (PA-6T)
Nylon-6T, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-6T, ndi polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Mawonekedwe ake apamwamba ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri (malo osungunuka ndi 370 ° C, kutentha kwa magalasi ndi 180 ° C, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pa 200 ° C), mphamvu yapamwamba, kukula kosasunthika, ndi kukana bwino kuwotcherera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo agalimoto, chivundikiro cha pampu yamafuta, fyuluta ya mpweya, magawo amagetsi osagwira kutentha monga bolodi lama waya, fuse, etc.
3.10 Nylon-9T (PA-9T)
Nylon-9T, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide-6T, ndi polynonanediamide terephthalamide. Mawonekedwe ake apamwamba ndi awa: kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, kutsika kwamadzi kwa 0.17%; kukana bwino kutentha (malo osungunuka ndi 308 ° C, kutentha kwa galasi ndi 126 ° C), ndipo kutentha kwake kowotcherera kumafika 290 ° C. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zazidziwitso ndi zida zamagalimoto.
3.11 Nayiloni yowonekera (nayiloni yonunkhira bwino)
Nayiloni yowonekera ndi amorphous polyamide yokhala ndi dzina lamankhwala: polyhexamethylene terephthalamide. Kutumiza kwa kuwala kowoneka ndi 85% mpaka 90%. Imalepheretsa crystallization ya nayiloni powonjezera zigawo zomwe zili ndi copolymerization ndi zotchinga zowonongeka ku gawo la nayiloni, potero limapanga mawonekedwe a amorphous ndi ovuta-crystallize, omwe amasunga mphamvu yapachiyambi ndi kulimba kwa nayiloni, ndikupeza zinthu zowonekera zokhala ndi mipanda. The makina katundu, mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu mawotchi ndi kukhazikika kwa nayiloni mandala pafupifupi pa mlingo wofanana ndi PC ndi polysulfone.
3.12 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (nayiloni yonunkhira yofupikitsidwa monga PPA)
Polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamide) ndi polima yolimba kwambiri yokhala ndi digiri yayikulu yofananira komanso yokhazikika pamapangidwe ake a maselo, komanso zomangira zolimba za haidrojeni pakati pa unyolo wa macromolecular. Polima ali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu kwambiri, modulus mkulu, kutentha kukana, otsika kachulukidwe, shrinkage yaing'ono matenthedwe, ndi wabwino dimensional bata, ndipo akhoza kupangidwa kukhala mkulu-mphamvu, mkulu-modulus ulusi (chingwe malonda dzina la DuPont DUPONT: Kevlar, Ndi zida zankhondo zoteteza zipolopolo).
3.13 Nayiloni ya monomer (monomer cast nayiloni yotchedwa MC nayiloni)
MC nayiloni ndi mtundu wa nayiloni-6. Poyerekeza ndi nayiloni wamba, ili ndi izi:
A. Kulemera kwamakina kwabwino: Kulemera kwa ma molekyulu a MC nayiloni kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa nayiloni wamba (10000-40000), pafupifupi 35000-70000, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwabwino, kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana kutopa komanso kukana bwino kukwawa. .
B. Imayamwa momveka bwino: Nayiloni ya MC ili ndi mphamvu yoyamwa, ndipo ndi yotchipa komanso yothandiza poletsa phokoso lamakina, monga kupanga magiya nayo.
C. Kukhazikika kwabwino: Zopangira za nayiloni za MC sizipanga kupunduka kosatha zikapindika, ndipo zimakhalabe zolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
D. Iwo ali bwino kuvala kukana ndi kudzikonda mafuta katundu;
E. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osalumikizana ndi zida zina;
F. Mayamwidwe amadzi ndi 2 mpaka 2.5 kutsika kuposa nayiloni wamba, kuthamanga kwamadzi kumachepera pang'onopang'ono, komanso kukhazikika kwazinthuzo ndikwabwinoko kuposa nayiloni wamba;
G. Kupanga zida zopangira ndi nkhungu ndizosavuta. Ikhoza kuponyedwa mwachindunji kapena kukonzedwa ndi kudula, makamaka koyenera kupanga zigawo zazikulu, mitundu yambiri ndi yaing'ono yamagulu omwe ndi ovuta kupanga makina opangira jekeseni.
3.14 Nayiloni Yopangidwa Nayiloni (RIM Nayiloni)
RIM nayiloni ndi block copolymer ya nayiloni-6 ndi polyether. Kuphatikiza kwa polyether kumapangitsa kulimba kwa nayiloni ya RIM, makamaka kulimba kwa kutentha pang'ono, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kokweza kutentha kophika popenta.
3.15 IPN nayiloni
IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) nayiloni ili ndi zida zamakina zofanana ndi nayiloni yoyambira, koma yapita patsogolo mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, kukana kutentha, kutsekemera komanso kusinthika. IPN utomoni wa nayiloni ndi pellet yosakanikirana yopangidwa ndi utomoni wa nayiloni ndi ma pellets okhala ndi utomoni wa silikoni wokhala ndi magulu ogwirira ntchito a vinyl kapena magulu a alkyl. Pakukonza, magulu awiri osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito pa utomoni wa silikoni amakumana ndi njira yolumikizirana kuti apange IPN Ultra-high molecular weight silicone resin, yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe atatu a netiweki mu utomoni woyambira wa nayiloni. Komabe, crosslinking imangopangidwa pang'ono, ndipo chomalizidwacho chidzapitilirabe kudumpha panthawi yosungidwa mpaka itamaliza.
3.16 Nayiloni yamagetsi
Nayiloni yamagetsi imakhala yodzaza ndi mineral fillers ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, kukhazikika, kukana kutentha komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi electroplated ABS, koma imaposa electroplated ABS pakuchita.
Electroplating process mfundo ya nayiloni kwenikweni ndi yofanana ndi ya ABS, ndiye kuti, pamwamba pa chinthucho amayamba roughened ndi mankhwala mankhwala (etching ndondomeko), ndiyeno chothandizira ndi adsorbed ndi kuchepetsedwa (chothandizira ndondomeko), ndiyeno mankhwala. electroplating ndi electroplating amachitidwa kuti apange mkuwa, faifi tambala, Zitsulo monga chromium kupanga wandiweyani, yunifolomu, amphamvu ndi conductive filimu pamwamba pa mankhwala.
3.17 Polyimide (Polyimide yotchedwa PI)
Polyimide (PI) ndi polima yokhala ndi magulu a imide mu unyolo waukulu. Ili ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa radiation. Zimakhala zosayaka, kukana kuvala komanso kukhazikika kwabwino pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kugonana kosauka.
Aliphatic polyimide (PI): kusachita bwino;
Aromatic polyimide (PI): yothandiza (mawu otsatirawa ndi onunkhira PI okha).
A. PI kutentha kukana: kuwonongeka kutentha 500℃～600℃
(Mitundu ina imatha kukhalabe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'nthawi yochepa pa 555 ° C, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pa 333 ° C);
B. PI imalimbana ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri: sichitha kusweka mu nayitrogeni wamadzi pa -269 ° C;
C. PI mphamvu zamakina: Modulus zotanuka zopanda mphamvu: 3 ~ 4GPa; CHIKWANGWANI cholimbitsa: 200 GPA; pamwamba pa 260 ° C, kusintha kwamphamvu kumakhala pang'onopang'ono kuposa aluminiyumu;
D. PI kukana kwa radiation: kukhazikika pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, vacuum ndi ma radiation, ndi zinthu zochepa zosasunthika. High mphamvu posungira mlingo pambuyo walitsa;
E. PI dielectric katundu:
a. Dielectric nthawi zonse: 3.4
b. Kutayika kwa dielectric: 10-3
c. Mphamvu ya dielectric: 100 ~ 300KV/mm
d. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu: 1017
F, PI chikwawa kukana: pa kutentha kwambiri, mlingo wokwawa ndi wochepa kuposa wa aluminiyumu;
Kuchita kwa G. Friction: Pamene chitsulo cha PI VS chisudzulana chowuma, chimatha kusunthira kumalo osakanikirana ndikuchitapo kanthu podzipaka mafuta, ndipo coefficient of dynamic friction imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi coefficient of static friction, yomwe ali ndi luso loletsa kukwawa.
H. Zoipa: mtengo wapamwamba, womwe umalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale wamba wamba.
Ma polyamide onse ali ndi gawo lina la hygroscopicity. Madzi amagwira ntchito ngati plasticizer mu polyamides. Pambuyo poyamwa madzi, zinthu zambiri zamakina ndi zamagetsi zimachepa, koma kulimba ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma kumawonjezeka.
Mitundu ya nayiloni (polyamide) ndikuyambitsa ntchito